高考課件

高考課件。

不為明天做好準(zhǔn)備的人是沒有未來的，在幼兒園教師的生活工作中，時(shí)常需要提前準(zhǔn)備資料作為參考。資料一般指可供參考作為根據(jù)的材料。參考資料可以促進(jìn)我們的學(xué)習(xí)工作效率的提升。那么，你知道有哪些常見幼師資料嗎？有請駐留片刻，小編為你推薦高考課件，僅供參考，我們來看看吧！

高考課件(篇1)

非謂語動(dòng)詞有三種形式：不定式，動(dòng)詞ing形式(v-ing)及過去分詞(ed分詞)。

不定式的基本形式是由“to+ 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其否定形式是not to do，不定式可以帶自己的賓語或狀語，構(gòu)成不定式短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，不定式在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語，不作謂語。如：

Lucy asked him to turn up the radio.

To make a plan first is a good idea.

1. 動(dòng)詞不定式不失動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，不定式有六種形式，以write為例：

(1)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)：

①不定式所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或是在謂語動(dòng)詞之后發(fā)生，不定式用一般式，如：

It seems that he knows this.

鯤e seems to know this.

I hope that I'll see you again.

鯥 hope to see you again.

②不定式所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，并強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的情景，或持續(xù)性，不定式用進(jìn)行式，如：

He pretended that he was listening to English course when I came in.

鯤e pretended to be listening to English course when I came in.

I am very glad that I am working with you.

鯥 am very glad to be working with you.

③不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，不定式用完成式，如：

I am sorry that I have put you so much trouble.

鯥 am sorry to have put you so much trouble.

It seems that I have met you somewhere before.

鯥 seem to have met you somewhere before.

④如果強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)刻起一直持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻，不定式用完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，不強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。如：

She seems to have been reading the novel for three hours.

The rain was said to have been falling for a week.

(2)不定式的語態(tài)：當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語與不定式是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式一般用被動(dòng)式。如：

This is the plan to be discussed at today's meeting.

The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.

Whether most countries can use natural energy in future remains to be seen.

(1)不定式作主語：

To say is one thing; to do is another.

To read novels is my hobby.

it形式主語常常代替作主語的不定式，而將不定式或不定式短語放在后面。

To talk with him is a great pleasure.

鯥t is great pleasure to talk with him.

To make electricity by building a dam across the sea is possible.

鯥t is possible to make electricity by building a dam across the sea.

注意：①To see is to believe. 主語和表語都是不定式，不能用it代替：It is to believe to see是錯(cuò)誤的。

②To answer correctly is more important than to finish quickly. 而finish與finishing放在than后面都是不合適的，因?yàn)榍懊婢渥拥闹髡Z是to answer，后面的主語也要是to finish, 保持than前后句子結(jié)構(gòu)平行。

At that time his job was to write reports for the newspaper.

This suit doesn't seem to fit me.

The problems remain to be unsettled.

(3)不定式作賓語：在下列及物動(dòng)詞后，常跟不定式作賓語：want, need, hope, wish, expect, like, hate, try, manage, forget, remember, know, begin, start, intend, plan, mean, pretend, prefer, agree, refuse, learn等。

To keep the water clean, you need to get some under water plants.

I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.

They have decided to visit the nature park for the milu deer.

注意：不定式作賓語時(shí)，有時(shí)用“it”替換，it為形式賓語，而將真正的不定式作賓語后置，如：

I found to learn English well not easy.

鯥 found it not easy to learn English well.

I feel to help others my duty.

鯥 feel it my duty to help others.

Jim told me to give his best wishes to everyone here.

What caused you to change your mind?

在被動(dòng)語態(tài)was considered后面，不定式為主語補(bǔ)足語接不定式作賓補(bǔ)和主補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞常有:

ask, beg, cause, call n, help, force, allow, permit, advise, order, get, want, wish, tell

等。

(其中沒有hope sb. to do, suggest sb. to do和agree sb. to do)

注意：①不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，在部分感官及使役動(dòng)詞后，用不帶to的不定式作賓語，常用的動(dòng)詞有：let, make, have, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, feel等，help有無to都可以，如：

The teacher had us recite the text every day.

The boss made his men work all the night.

把上面句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后，不定式成為句子的主語補(bǔ)足語，需帶to，即在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中不定式一律帶to，不存在省略問題。

注意：②在謂語動(dòng)詞think, consider, suppose, believe, imagine, prove, find等后面跟to be作賓補(bǔ)，不跟to do，但其中有些可跟to have done作賓補(bǔ)。如：

Imagine yourself(to be)in his place.

We found him(to be)honest.

suppose…to be/suppose…to have done.

I suppose him to be about fifty.

We suppose him to have stolen it.

(5)不定式作定語：不定式作定語，有時(shí)與前面被修飾的名詞邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞或所修飾的名詞是不定式的地點(diǎn)，工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞，如：

I have a meeting to attend. (attend the meeting)

Pass me a piece of paper to write on. (write on the paper)

在time, place, way后面的不定式省略介詞，如：

He had no money and no place to live.

其他不定式作定語情況，如：

I have no chance to go abroad.

They had never moment to rest.

There is a lot of work to do.

=There is a lot of work to be done.

There is no time to lose.

=There is no time to be lost.

但是在下列句子中，不定式主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)形式意義不同：

--Have you anything to wash?

--No, nothing. I plan to go shopping.

不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是you. you wash something

--Have you anything to be washed?

--No, Thank you.

不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是you. 是省略了的(…to be washed)by me或by someone else.

I got up early in order to catch the 6∶30 train.

The boy ran all the way so as not to be late.

注意：so as to不能置于句首，in order to可以。

②作原因狀語：

He smiled to think of his clever plan.

③在某些形容詞后面作狀語：

I am glad to see you.

You are sure to succeed.

④作結(jié)果狀語：

第一, I hurried to the post office, only to find it closed. (出乎意料的結(jié)果)

He is too old to read.

The boy is too young to dress himself.

當(dāng)不定式前的形容詞為nervous, pleased, willing, delighted, happy, glad等時(shí)，too…to，“to…”可譯作肯定，

They are too nervous to leave. 他們急于離開

I am only too pleased to help you.

We are never too old to learn. 活到老，學(xué)到老。

第三，形容詞/副詞enough to do sth.

He was quick enough to catch the ball.

The girl is old enough to go to school.

第四，so…as to/such…as to如此……以致于……

He was so angry that he was unable to speak.

He was so angry as to be unable to speak.

He was such a fool that he believed the cheat.

He was such a fool as to believe the cheat.

⑤不定式作方面狀語，不定式作方面狀語與句子的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式多用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，如果不定式為及物動(dòng)詞，后面不必再跟賓語，如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，要用相應(yīng)的介詞，如：

The mountain is difficult to climb. (動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：climb the mountain)

Lesson Two is easy to learn. (動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：learn Lesson Two)

3. 不定式的邏輯主語：不定式的邏輯主語一般是句子的主語，如He seemed to be reading something, 當(dāng)需要明確指出不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用for/of sb. (sth. )to do sth. 表示，如：

(1)當(dāng)作表語的形容詞表達(dá)不定式的邏輯主語的品行，性格，性質(zhì)時(shí)，要用of，常見的這類形容詞有:

brave, careful, careless, kind, nice, good, honest, clever, wise, unwise, stupid, foolish, rude, cruel, silly, thoughtful, impolite, polite, right, wrong, 等。這時(shí)It+ be+ 形容詞+ of sb. /sth. to do sth. 句型，等于sb. /sth. + be+ 形容詞to do sth. , 如：

It is very kind of you to say so.

相當(dāng)于You are very kind to say so.

It is clever of him to win the competition.

鯤e is clever to win the competition.

It+ be+ 形容詞+ for sb. /sth. to do sth. 這一句型中的形容詞大多為：

easy, important, usual, difficult, hard, possible, impossible, necessary等。這些詞只能說明不定式行為的是與非，不能說明不定式的執(zhí)行者，所以不等于sb. + be+ 形容詞+ to do sth. ，如：

1)It is difficult for beginners to read the book.

不能說：Beginners are difficult to read.

但是第一類，即It+ be+ 形容詞+ of sb. to do sth. 句型中的形容詞，如right, impolite…等如果強(qiáng)調(diào)評論人用of，強(qiáng)調(diào)評論行為也可用for，應(yīng)用情況如下：

(1)當(dāng)sb. 為泛指時(shí)，形容詞著重評論不定式行為本身，如：

It was not right for the south to break away from the Union.

(2)當(dāng)不定式為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式的執(zhí)行者常常省略，因此形容詞只用來評論不定式行為了。

It was unkind for you to be laughed at.

4. 帶疑問詞的不定式：動(dòng)詞不定式可以和疑問詞what, which, how, where, when, whether等連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語，如：

The question is when to start.

They haven't ageed on whether to build a factory here or not.

what to say.

I don't know what to write about.

how to do it.

注意：沒有if to do和why to do.

I don't know why I should do it. (正)

5. 不定式省略“to”的情況：

(1)當(dāng)and或or連接同一概念的不定式時(shí)，或者當(dāng)它們之間的關(guān)系并列一致時(shí)，可將and或or后面的to省去，如：

I'd like to go and see a film.

He had to have a job or go hungry.

但是，有時(shí)為了表示對照，或加強(qiáng)語氣，則不可以省去to，如：

It is easier to say than to do.

(2)不定式在一部分感官或使役動(dòng)詞后面作賓補(bǔ)省略to。

(3)不定式在but(除了……以外)，except后面的使用，如果but, except前有行為動(dòng)詞do, but, except后省去to，如：

They had nothing to do but wait for the doctor.

The whole night he did nothing except watch TV.

(4)在固定句型中：would rather do…than do…/prefer to do rather than do:

1)The bus was so crowded that I'd rather walk home than take a bus.

2)I prefer to play tennis rather than(play)basketball.

6. “to”代表整個(gè)不定式：有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，省去不定式后面的內(nèi)容，保留到不定式符號to, 如果是to be，保留到be，如：

--Will you please give him a message when you see him?

--I'll be glad to.

--Would you like to go shopping with me?

有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，也可以不省略。

Do what he or she tell you to do.

動(dòng)詞-ing形式由動(dòng)詞原形+ ing構(gòu)成。動(dòng)詞-ing形式起到名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語，但不能單獨(dú)構(gòu)成謂語，其構(gòu)成形式如下，以do為例：

完成時(shí)態(tài) having done having been done

Learning English is very important to me.

Having been widened, the road took on a different look.

隨著-ing在句子中所做的成分不同，所用的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)有不同的要求，關(guān)于-ing的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的詳細(xì)使用，在下面ing所作的句子成分中講述。

1. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語：

Seeing is believing.

有時(shí)主語太長，可用it作形式主語，將真正主語放在后面。如：

It is fun swimming in a river or lake in summer.

It is dangerous playing/to play with fire.

但在口語中用動(dòng)詞-ing形式放在句首比不定式多。

Going shopping is a pleasant thing.

②在下列句型中習(xí)慣用-ing作主語，不用不定式：

It is no good doing.

It is useless only learning English grammar.

It is no good cutting down the forest.

③在there+ be+ no+ 主語結(jié)構(gòu)中，必須用動(dòng)詞-ing作主語：

There is no telling what will happen in the future.

④主語和表語結(jié)構(gòu)相同，對等。

Seeing is believing.

To see is to believe.

Would you mind my sitting here?

We suggest going out for a picnic on Sunday.

(2)在介詞后：

We look forward to seeing you again.

(3)在worth, busy, feel like, look like等形容詞后面：

China Daily is well worth reading.

The firefighters were busy putting out the big fire.

They look like winning the relay race.

Suddenly I feel like eating something.

動(dòng)詞-ing做主語或賓語時(shí)，一般情況下其邏輯主語為句子的主語，如果需要自己的邏輯主語時(shí)，要用物主代詞或名詞所有格+ 動(dòng)詞-ing，如：

His/Li Ping's coming late, made the teacher unhappy.

Would you mind my/me smoking here?

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing不在句首時(shí)，可用人稱代詞賓格，名詞普通格代替，但邏輯主語為無生命的名詞，或泛指時(shí)，用普通格，如：

We heard the noise of desks being opened and closed.

3. 不定式與動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語的比較：

(1)在下列一些動(dòng)詞后面常跟動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語，而不跟不定式：

admit, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape,

excuse, face, feel like, finish, fancy, forbid, forgive, imagine, include, keep, mention,

mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest等。如：

He practices speaking English every day.

He admitted having broken the window.

I much appreciate your giving me the chance.

She dislikes doing housework.

He enjoys nothing but playing the computer.

(2)在下列一些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式，不跟動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語：

want(想要)，hope, expect, wish, decide, would like, refuse, manage, pretend, demand,

offer, afford, plan, wonder, intend…等，如：

I am expecting to get a letter from my parents.

We are planning to build another research center.

I'd like to buy a new car made in the U. S. A.

(3)在下列一些動(dòng)詞后面跟不定式或動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，意義不同，如：

I remember doing this exercise before.

我記得以前做過這個(gè)練習(xí)。

Remember to post the book for me.

記住幫我把那本書寄走。

We shall never forget hearing Jackson singing.

我們忘不了聽杰克遜唱歌的情景。

Don't forget to give my regards to them.

I'll try to improve my pronunciation.

我要努力去糾正，提高我的發(fā)音。

Since no one answered the front door, why not try knocking at the back door?

既然前門沒人答應(yīng)，為什么不試試后門呢?

I suggest we stop working and have a rest.

我建議我們停下干活，休息一會(huì)兒。

They stopped to listen, but there was no more sound.

他們停下來，聽一聽，再?zèng)]什么聲音。

What do you mean to do with your old bicycle?

你打算如何處理你那輛舊自行車?

I won't wait if it means delaying a week or so.

如果這意味著要推遲一星期左右，那我就不等了。

(4)在love, like, hate, prefer后面跟不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式無多大區(qū)別，如：

Do you like to eat ice-cream?

I like traveling very much.

I like driving(do drive)fast cars.

(5)在start, begin后面，一般接不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式無多大區(qū)別，在下列情況下，多用不定式：

①自然界變化：

It started to rain.

Snow started to melt as spring came.

②心理活動(dòng)，在understand, know, realize等詞前面：

I began to understand my mother's feelings.

③begin, start本身為進(jìn)行時(shí)：

Mother was starting to cook in the kitchen when I got home.

(6)在allow, advise, permit, forbid等動(dòng)詞后面，有名詞或代詞作賓語，用不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語，如果沒有賓語，直接用-ing形式，如：

1)We don't allow parking here.

2)The police don't allow people to park here.

3)He advised me to get an English pen friend.

4)I advise seeing more English films.

(7)need, require, want譯作“需要”時(shí)，跟動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語，主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于to be done，如：

The windows require cleaning.

The windows require to be cleaned.

The patient needs operating on at once.

The patient needs to be operated on.

The flowers want watering.

The flowers want to be watered.

(8)在一些固定表達(dá)中用動(dòng)詞-ing形式，不用不定式：

can't help doing, be worth doing, devote…to doing, look forward to doing, be/get/become used to doing, object to doing, thank…for doing, excuse…for doing等。

Einstein devoted his life to making a research in science.

I'm looking forward to getting your letter.

We are used to living in the countryside.

4. 動(dòng)詞-ing在句中作表語：

Our plan is setting up a new car factory.

My job is teaching/driving.

這類詞作表語，起解釋說明主語的作用，主表可顛倒：Teaching is my job. 轉(zhuǎn)換成問句，用what提問：

--What's your job?

--My job is teaching.

--How is your job?

--It is interesting.

--How was your trip?

--It is tiring, but interesting.

5. 動(dòng)詞-ing作定語：

(1)表示被修飾名詞的用途：

There are two reading rooms in our school library.

a reading room其含義是A room is used for reading.

The swimming pool in our school is nearly completed.

the swimming pool其含義是The pool is used for swimming.

(2)如果動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語表示被修飾的名詞發(fā)出的一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某種特征行為，這時(shí)被修飾的名詞與動(dòng)詞-ing邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，如果是主動(dòng)關(guān)系用doing, 被動(dòng)關(guān)系用done, 或being done表達(dá)，另外有時(shí)間要求：

第一種情況：主動(dòng)關(guān)系，-ing形式與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)進(jìn)行，或經(jīng)常發(fā)生，用doing，如：

Look at the dancing girl. She is one of my classmates.

Look at the girl who is dancing. ….

China is a developing country.

China is a country that is developing.

注意：①如果動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，一般不用having done作定語，而用定語從句表達(dá)，如：

The teacher criticized the boy having broken the window. (誤)

The teacher criticized the boy who had broken the window. (正)

注意：②如果表達(dá)的是未來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或含有情態(tài)概念，用不定式表達(dá)，如：

I have a meeting to attend today.

鯥 have a meeting that I will attend today.

Mary is the proper worker to do the job.

鯩ary is the proper worker who can do the job.

第二種情況：被動(dòng)關(guān)系：動(dòng)詞-ing表達(dá)的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，正在進(jìn)行，用being done; 發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，完成了的動(dòng)作用done；發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之后，未來的動(dòng)作，用to be done. 如：

The bridge being built now is two kilometers long.

鯰he bridge that is being built now is two kilometers long.

The bridge built last year is two kilometers long.

鯰he bridge that was built last year is two kilometers long.

The bridge to be built next year will be two kilometers long.

鯰he bridge that will be built next year will be two kilometers long.

6. 動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語補(bǔ)足語和主語補(bǔ)足語：經(jīng)常在see, hear, feel, watch, notice,

observe, find, get, look at, listen to, keep, leave, send, set, catch等一些動(dòng)詞后面用動(dòng)詞-ing作補(bǔ)語，其中賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，如果主謂關(guān)系是主動(dòng)的，又表示動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行，或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，用doing; 如果主謂關(guān)系是被動(dòng)的，又表示動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行，用being done，如：

I noticed them repairing the car.

鯳hen they were repairing the car, I noticed.

I noticed the car being repaired.

鯳hen the car was being repaired, I noticed.

如果賓語和賓補(bǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，又表示動(dòng)作的全過程，即完成或一般時(shí)態(tài)，賓補(bǔ)用不定式to do表達(dá)(在某些動(dòng)詞后面不定式不帶to)；如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又表示動(dòng)作的全過程，即完成時(shí)態(tài)用done表達(dá)，如：

I often notice them repair the car.

I noticed the car repaired.

如果把上述句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，賓語補(bǔ)足語就變成主語補(bǔ)足語了。

7. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語：動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語時(shí)，要求其邏輯主語必須是句子的主語，句子的主語與動(dòng)詞-ing形式邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。如果主謂關(guān)系是主動(dòng)的，用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；-ing動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生用一般式doing, 如果-ing動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，用完成式having done, 如：

Walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.

相當(dāng)于When I was walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.

Having finished their work, they had a rest. 相當(dāng)于After they had finished their work, they had a rest.

如果主謂關(guān)系是被動(dòng)的，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；-ing動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，用done；如果-ing動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，已完成的動(dòng)作，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的完成式having been done, 如：

Having been cleaned and decorated, our classroom took on a new look.

相當(dāng)于After our classroom had been cleaned and decorated, our classroom took on a new look.

Well known for his expert advice, he was able to help many people.

相當(dāng)于As he is well known for his expert advice, he was able to help many people.

注意：-ing形式做狀語時(shí)，如果-ing形式需要自己的邏輯主語，人稱代詞用主格，名詞用普通格，如：

Mother/She being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.

It being Sunday, the shops are crowded.

過去分詞由動(dòng)詞+ ed構(gòu)成，起到形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中可作狀語、表語、定語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。過去分詞的性質(zhì)是被動(dòng)，完成，但有時(shí)側(cè)重程度，有時(shí)側(cè)重被動(dòng)，不及物動(dòng)詞變成的過去分詞無被動(dòng)的意義，過去分詞形式由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成，及部分不規(guī)則的詞如：done, played.

①側(cè)重程度：

boiling water 沸水 fallen leaves落葉

boiled water 涼開水 frozen chicken冷凍雞

②側(cè)重主、被動(dòng)：

a broken glass, a dancing girl, a damaged house.

1. 過去分詞的作用：

(1)過去分詞作狀語：同動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語一樣，過去分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語，如是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，或無一定時(shí)間對比，用過去分詞，如：

Seen from the top of the mountain, the lake looks like a mirror. (相當(dāng)于The lake is seen)

相當(dāng)于When the lake is seen from the top of the mountain it looks like a mirror.

Heated, water can turn into vapor.

相當(dāng)于If it is heated, water can turn into vapor.

(2)過去分詞作表語：

We are interested in science.

(3)過去分詞作定語：過去分詞作定語，有時(shí)間要求，發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，即完成的動(dòng)作，用done，而不用having been done.

The bridge built last year is 2 kilometers long.

People invited to the party are most scientists.

(4)過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)：

I noticed the car repaired.

2. 過去分詞與動(dòng)詞-ing形式的區(qū)別：

(1)作表語和定語的區(qū)別：動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示事物對人造成的影響，事物是主動(dòng)的，常譯成令人……，使人……；過去分詞表示人對事物的看法產(chǎn)生的心理反應(yīng)，人是被動(dòng)的，常譯作：感到……如：

The news is surprising.

We are surprised at the news.

這類詞很多，如：inspiring, inspired, astonishing, astonished, tiring, tired,

moving, moved, disappointing, disappointed, worrying, worried, encouraging, encouraged, …….

(2)作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別：賓語與賓補(bǔ)邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，主動(dòng)用動(dòng)詞-ing或不定式表達(dá)，被動(dòng)用being done或done表達(dá)。

We found him standing outside the door.

He found the door locked.

(3)作狀語的區(qū)別：用作狀語的動(dòng)詞，與句子的主語邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系、主動(dòng)用-ing形式，被動(dòng)用過去分詞。

The boy entered the room, followed by a dog.

相當(dāng)于The boy entered the room and he was followed by a dog.

The boy entered the room, following his father.

相當(dāng)于The boy entered the room and followed his father.

(4)-ing形式與ed分詞都可以作狀語，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨、結(jié)果、讓步、程度，如：

Having brought her father back to England, Lucy helped him to get better. (時(shí)間)

After she had brought her father back to England, Lucy helped him to get better.

Disturbed by the noise, we had to finish the meeting early. (原因)

We had to finish the meeting early because we were disturbed by the noise.

Born a free man, he was now in chains. (讓步)

Though he was born a free man, he was now in chains.

(If) bitten by a snake, you should send for help and not walk. (條件)

鯥f you are bitten by a snake, you should send for help and not walk.

The boy ran in, carrying a ball in his arm. (伴隨)

鯰he boy ran in and carried a ball in his arm.

He dropped the plate, breaking it into pieces. (結(jié)果)

鯤e dropped the plate and broke it into pieces.

(5)-ing形式與ed分詞的否定式，由not+ -ing構(gòu)成：

Not knowing how to do it, I asked him for help.

高考課件(篇2)

2.知人論世，了解兩篇短文的作者及寫作背景。

過程與方法目標(biāo)： 1.誦讀，在讀的過程中把握文意，體悟陶弘景的思想感情。

2.了解文章的意境，培養(yǎng)感知寫景類文章中作者思想感情的能力。

情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀目標(biāo)：感受作品中大自然的純凈美好，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生熱愛祖國河山的感情。

重點(diǎn)：了解文章的意境，培養(yǎng)感知寫景類文章中作者思想感情的能力。

難點(diǎn)：誦讀，在讀的過程中把握文意，體悟陶弘景的思想感情。

“一切景語皆情語”，自然界景象萬千，但欣賞者境界、生活閱歷、具體的心境的不同，都會(huì)觸發(fā)不同的感受，流露于文字，形成一篇篇膾炙人口名篇，今天我們走進(jìn)《答謝中書書》，讓我們?nèi)ヮI(lǐng)略作者所描繪之美景，去品味游者的心境。

陶弘景(456—536年)，字通明，號華陽居士，南朝齊、梁時(shí)期的道教思想家和醫(yī)藥家。仕齊時(shí)，拜為宣都王侍讀，左衛(wèi)殿中將軍。入梁，隱居茅山華陽洞。梁武帝禮聘不出，但常以朝廷大事與他商討。時(shí)人稱他為“山中宰相”。有《陶隱居集》。

教師指導(dǎo)學(xué)生朗讀課文，要求讀準(zhǔn)字音，讀通文句，讀出節(jié)奏、韻律、情調(diào)。

(1)教師配樂朗誦，學(xué)生聽讀，掌握字音、節(jié)奏。

(2)學(xué)生大聲朗讀，品味四字句的節(jié)奏。

(3)選一學(xué)生讀課文，其余同學(xué)點(diǎn)評。

1.學(xué)生讀課文，口頭翻譯課文，畫出疑難句。

2.桌之間討論交流，解決疑難問題。教師巡視酌情指導(dǎo)。

3.指導(dǎo)學(xué)生積累詞語，理解文句。

4.理清思路，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生背誦。

明確：《答謝中書書》全文可分三部分。“山川之美，古來共談”總領(lǐng)全文。中間的寫景部分，先仰視“高峰入云”，再俯瞰“清流見底”，再平視“兩岸石壁”“青林翠竹”，最后分“曉”與“夕”兩層來寫。最后以感嘆總括前文。

高考課件(篇3)

1．He did what he could to help the students．

析：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞原形。此句中的不定式符號to似乎應(yīng)去掉，但實(shí)際上，此處的could后省去了原形動(dòng)詞do以免重復(fù)，不定式to help the students作目的狀語。

2．He told us all what he had seen in the park．

析：先行詞為不定代詞all時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。此句中的what似乎應(yīng)改為that。但實(shí)際上，此處的all為代詞，作us的同位語，意為“我們所有人”，what引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句。

3．Judging from his accent，he must be from America．

析：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子主語保持一致。此句中的Judging似乎應(yīng)改為J udged。但實(shí)際上，此處的judging from為現(xiàn)在分詞的固定結(jié)構(gòu)，無需考慮其邏輯主語是否與句子主語一致。

4．If he will listen to me，I'll give him some advice．

析：if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的動(dòng)作如尚未發(fā)生，其謂語應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)而不用將來時(shí)。此句中的 will似乎應(yīng)去掉。但實(shí)際上，will在表示意愿、意圖、決心時(shí)，可用于條件狀語從句中。

5．His uncle has come here for seven days．

析：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不可與用作時(shí)間狀語且表示一段時(shí)間的for短語連用。此句中的come似乎應(yīng)改為been。但實(shí)際上，此處的for seven days是作目的狀語，相當(dāng)于to sta y （for）seven days。

6．He is too clever not to believe what she said．

析：too…to…結(jié)構(gòu)常用來表達(dá)否定意義，意為“太…不…”。此句中的not似乎應(yīng)去掉。但實(shí)際上，too…not to…結(jié)構(gòu)是用來表達(dá)一種肯定含義，意為“太…不會(huì)不…”。

7．They all think Tom to be a disappointing boy．

析：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語或表語，表示事物的性質(zhì)特征，過去分詞作定語或表語，表示人物的心理活動(dòng)或狀態(tài)。此句中的disappointing 似乎應(yīng)改為disappointed。但實(shí)際上，現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾人時(shí)同樣表示性質(zhì)特征，意為“使（令）人…”。

8．He asked me what was on on TV that night．

析：具有完全相同的詞性和詞意的兩個(gè)詞中間如沒有連詞就不可連用。此句中的兩個(gè)on似乎應(yīng)去掉一個(gè)，但實(shí)際上，此處的兩個(gè)on各不相同，第一個(gè)on為副詞，意為“…在進(jìn)行（上演） ”，第二個(gè)on為介詞，意為“在…上”。

9．Time should be made full use of to study hard．

析：介詞后面應(yīng)接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，不可接不定式作賓語，此句中的to study似乎應(yīng)改為studying。但實(shí)際上，此處的made full use of 的邏輯賓語是句子的主語time，不定式to study hard 作目的狀語。

10．Would you like to have attended the meeting to be held tomorrow？

析：would like后接不定式一般式表示“主語現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐胍瞿呈隆?。此句中的to have attended 似乎應(yīng)改為to attend。但實(shí)際上，would like后接不定式完成式表示“主語過去本來想要做某事”。

11．The film was so moving it made us moved．

析：so…that…意為“如此…以致”，that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。此句中的moving后似乎應(yīng)加上連詞that。但實(shí)際上，此結(jié)構(gòu)中的that在引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí)可被省略。

12．He didn't allow us smoking in the office．

析：動(dòng)詞allow后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，即allow sb．to do sth．此句中的smoking似乎應(yīng)改為to smoke。但實(shí)際上，此處的allow后是接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，us為smoking的邏輯主語，也可用our替換。

13．He told his brother to try a third time．

析：序數(shù)詞前應(yīng)加定冠詞表示特指。此句中的不定冠詞a 似乎應(yīng)改為the。但實(shí)際上，序數(shù)詞前也可加不定冠詞，表示泛指，意為“又一，再一”。

14．He had a delicious lunch in that restaurant．

析：在一日三餐的名詞前通常不加冠詞。此句中的不定冠詞a似乎應(yīng)去掉。但實(shí)際上，一日三餐的名詞前有修飾語時(shí)應(yīng)加冠詞。

15．She thinks it is a most interesting book．

析：the most與多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞連用，構(gòu)成最高級，意為“最…”。此句中的不定冠詞a 似乎應(yīng)改為the。但實(shí)際上，a most與（多音節(jié)）形容詞或副詞連用，用來加強(qiáng)語氣。most相 當(dāng)于very，意為“很、非常、極其”。

16．Such little children can't carry the stone．

析：可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞前的形容詞為many，few，much，little時(shí)，應(yīng)用so來修飾，而不用such，此句中的such似乎應(yīng)改為so。但實(shí)際上，此處的little不表示“少”而是表示“ 小”。

17．There is no need for you to report it to the teacher．

析：代替不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或名詞性從句作句子的形式主語應(yīng)用it。此句中的There似乎應(yīng)改為It。但實(shí)際上，此處的不定式短語for you to report it to the teacher是作定語，修飾名詞need。

18．His tone suggests that he is satisfied with our work．

析：動(dòng)詞suggest后接賓語從句時(shí)，從句的謂語應(yīng)用虛擬語氣形式即“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。意為“建議”，此句中的is似乎應(yīng)改為be。但實(shí)際上，此處的suggest表示“暗示、表明 ”，賓語從句的謂語應(yīng)用陳述語氣形式。

19．What he enjoys makes us very surprised．

析：動(dòng)詞enjoy后應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。此句中的makes似乎應(yīng)改為making。但實(shí)際上，此處的 enjoys的賓語是引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞what，makes作主句的謂語。

20．I'll be very happy if you could come here．

析：在含有從句的主從復(fù)合句中，主從句的時(shí)態(tài)在時(shí)間的關(guān)系上通常應(yīng)保持一致。此句中的could似乎應(yīng)改為can。但實(shí)際上，此處的could表示的是一種客氣委婉的語氣，指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼?/p>

21．I think his brother cannot do the work too well．

析：動(dòng)詞think后接否定意義的賓語從句時(shí)，通常應(yīng)將構(gòu)成否定的副詞not移到動(dòng)詞think前 。此句中的cannot似乎應(yīng)改為can，在think前加don't。但實(shí)際上，此處的cannot…too… 盡管形式上是否定的，但卻表達(dá)肯定的意義，是一種較為特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)，意指“無論…也不為過，越…越…”。

22．-He died last night． -I don't believe it．

析：動(dòng)詞believe后接賓語從句時(shí)常常承前省略，若為肯定意義，常被省略成so，若為否定意義，常被省略成not或not…so。此句中的it似乎應(yīng)改為so。但實(shí)際上，此對話的前半部分提供的是一個(gè)事實(shí)，其后應(yīng)用it來指代這一事實(shí)，表示“難以相信…”，而不是陳述自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。

23．I have read the article in some magazine．

析：some在表示“一些、若干”含義修飾可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，此可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。此句中的 magazine似乎應(yīng)改為magazines。但實(shí)際上，some在修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，表示“某一個(gè)”。

24．He rushed out from behind the door．

析：介詞后面通常應(yīng)接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或what從句。此句中的behind似乎應(yīng)去掉。但實(shí)際上，某些介詞像from后也可再接一個(gè)介詞短語，使得語意具體、準(zhǔn)確。此處的behind如去掉，則語意不當(dāng)。

25．He was about to go out at that time．

析：be about to do sth．意為“即將（正要）做…”，其后通常不應(yīng)再接一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間狀 語，此句中的at that time 似乎應(yīng)去掉。但實(shí)際上，at that time表示的是句子謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間界限即在“當(dāng)時(shí)”，而不是表示謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間范圍。

26．My brother envies you your good health．

析：動(dòng)詞envy意為“羨慕、嫉妒”，“羨慕你的好身體”從語意上講完全正確，此句中的you似乎應(yīng)去掉。但實(shí)際上，envy是一個(gè)必須后接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞。

27．All but he had managed to escape from the fire．

析：介詞后接人稱代詞時(shí)應(yīng)用其賓格形式，此句中的he似乎應(yīng)改為him。但實(shí)際上，介詞后面的人稱代詞如在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，可用其主格形式代替賓格。

28．The student was on his way to see a film．

析：on one's （the）way to …意為“在去…的路上”，其中的to常被當(dāng)作介詞后接動(dòng)名詞 ， 此句中的see似乎應(yīng)改為seeing。但實(shí)際上，此處的to也可作為不定式符號，后接動(dòng)詞原形。

29．He wasn't well that day，so that he didn't go there．

析：連詞so在連接兩個(gè)并列分句時(shí)，存在著一種因果關(guān)系，即前分句為原因，后分句為結(jié)果 。此句中的第二個(gè)that似乎應(yīng)去掉。但實(shí)際上，so that 這一關(guān)聯(lián)詞除了引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句外，也可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。

30．He listened to the teacher nice and carefully．

析：修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞。此句中的nice and 似乎不恰當(dāng)，應(yīng)去掉。但實(shí)際上，“nice （good fine）+and”是一個(gè)特殊的固定結(jié)構(gòu)，用來強(qiáng)調(diào)后面的形容詞或副詞，加強(qiáng)語氣，相當(dāng)于very，意為“很，十分，非?！?。

高考課件(篇4)

總述: 謂語動(dòng)詞的變化形式取決于時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài): 英語的時(shí)態(tài)有十六種, 中學(xué)英語中有十二種常見的時(shí)態(tài); 語態(tài)有兩種, 即主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)

1.在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中, 各種時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞的一般形式如下:

現(xiàn)在 do / does am / is / are doing have / has done have / has been doing

過去 did was / were doing had done had been doing

將來 shall / will do shall / will be doing shall / will have done X

如果謂語是be動(dòng)詞, 則可用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式( be / am / is / are / was / were / been)代替以上表格中的黑體字部分. 此外, 過去將來時(shí)的形式是: should / would do或should / would be

2.在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中, 各種時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞的一般形式如下:

現(xiàn)在 am / is / are done am / is / are being done have / has been done X

過去 was / were done was / were being done had been done X

將來 shall / will be done X shall / will have been done X

另外, 過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式是should / would be done

一.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

1.構(gòu)成: 通常以動(dòng)詞原形表示. 主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí), 則用動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式來表示

2.用法:

a. It is fine today.

b. I am a student.

c. I get up at six every day.

d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.

a. Japan is to the east of China.

b. The sun rises in the east.

c. A horse is a useful animal.

③.表示將來確定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(如己安排好或計(jì)劃好的動(dòng)作或按時(shí)刻表將來一定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作), 可以這樣使用的動(dòng)詞有: go, come, leave, start, arrive等

a. My train leaves at 6:30.

b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow.

a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.

b. We will go if it is fine tomorrow.

c. I will be away when he arrives.

d. We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.

e. Mother, I won’t go out unless you agree.

f. Don’t try to run before you begin to walk.

⑤.在某些以here / there開頭的句子中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

a. Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.

b. There goes the bell.

⑥.在體育比賽過程中, 解說員敘述迅速, 短暫動(dòng)作時(shí), 可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), 表示正在進(jìn)行的或剛剛發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

a. Ma Lianbao passes the ball to Mu Tiezhu, Mu shoots – a fine shot !

a. When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly.

①.表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作, 或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而說話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

a. I am writing a letter.

b. My mother is making a dress these few days.

②.表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(如在最近按計(jì)劃或安排好要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作), 常見的有這種用法的動(dòng)詞有: come /go / leave / start / arrive等, 常與表示將來時(shí)間的狀語連用

a. They are going to Shanghai on Friday.

b. John is coming here next week.

③.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)詞與always, continually, constantly等連用, 表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作

a. The little boy is always asking questions.

b. You are always saying that sort of thing.

④.在一定的上下文中, 前一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞表述現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事實(shí), 后一句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)詞來闡述這一事實(shí)的原因, 結(jié)果, 目的等

a. He frowns. He is worrying about his boy.他皺著眉頭, 因?yàn)樗跒樗暮⒆訐?dān)心. (is worrying表示原因)

b. She criticizes him. She is trying to correct his wrong habits. 她批評他, 想糾正他的壞習(xí)慣. (is trying表示目的)

c. She lets her child have his own way. She is spoiling him. 她不管她的孩子, 把他慣壞了. ( is spoiling表示結(jié)果)

⑤.不表示持續(xù)的行為, 而表示知覺, 感覺, 看法, 認(rèn)識, 感情, 愿望或某種狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞通常不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí), 如: see, hear, smell, taste, recognize, notice, forget, remember, understand, know, believe, suppose, mean, think, love, hate, care, like, dislike, worry, forgive, want, wish, hope, refuse, feel like, belong to , possess, own, have, be, seem等

a. He has gone to Shanghai. ( =He went to Shanghai and he is not here now. )

b. I have opened the window. ( =I opened the window and the window is now open.)

c. The concert has started. ( =The concert started and is now going on. )

d. I have had breakfast. (=I had breakfast and I am not hungry now. )

②.表示開始于過去, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài), 用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞, 且句中常帶有表示段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語

a. I have studied English since 1987.

b. He has lived here for two years.

c. He has been ill for ten days.

3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別:

①.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去, 但前者將過去的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響聯(lián)系起來, 而后者只限于表示過去的動(dòng)作本身, 與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)

②.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與表明確時(shí)間的狀語如: yesterday, last year, two days ago, when I came in等連用, 但可與表示不明確時(shí)間的狀語如: already, yet, sometimes, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever等連用, 也可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語如: this morning, today, this week, this year等連用

a. She has already come.

b. I have met him before.

c. Ma Hong has always been a good student.

d. Have you ever been to the Great Wall ?

e. I have seen him this morning.

四.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):

①.它具有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特點(diǎn), 即表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去, 延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響

②.它具有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特點(diǎn), 即可以表示此動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行或還會(huì)繼續(xù)

a. Mr. Smith has taught English for twenty years. ( 至今為止教過二十年英語, 至于teach是否結(jié)束或是否延續(xù), 不得而知)

b. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for twenty years.( 現(xiàn)在仍在教英語,而且將持續(xù)下去)

3.用法:

①.表示現(xiàn)在之前的一段時(shí)間里一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 此動(dòng)可能仍在進(jìn)行, 也可能剛剛停止

a. I have been reading the book all the morning.

b. He has been staying here for two hours.

c. I have been living in Beijing since 1972.

a. I have been calling you several times in the past two days.

4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別: 前者著重表示過去動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果; 后者著重表示過去動(dòng)作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行

a. I have written six letters since I got back.我己經(jīng)寫了六封信 (強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)

b. I have been writing letter since I got back. 我回家后一直在寫信 (強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直在寫”)

c. I have read this book.我讀過這本書了(強(qiáng)調(diào)“讀過”這一結(jié)果)

d. I have been reading this book.我一直在讀這本書 (強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直在讀”)

2.用法:

①.表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況, 其中包括習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作

a. I met him yesterday.

b. I used to go to school early every morning.

c. He entered the classroom, sat down at his desk and began to work.

d. Last night, I listened to the radio for two hours and went to bed at midnight.

a. Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.

③.用一般過去時(shí)的句子一般有過去的時(shí)間狀語, 有時(shí)也用地點(diǎn)狀語暗示動(dòng)作的發(fā)生是在過去

a. Have you seen a pen ? I left it here this morning.

a. This time yesterday we were having an important meeting.

b. A year ago we were living in Shanghai.

②.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與always, continually, frequently等詞連用, 表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的情況

a. The old man was always losing his way.

b. The two brothers were frequently quarrelling.

③.表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 這一用法僅限于一些表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞, 如: go, come, start, stay, leave等

④.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常與一般過去時(shí)配合使用, 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去的時(shí)間背景

a. The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room.

2.用法:

①.表示過去某時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前己經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或己存在的狀態(tài), 即“過去的過去”

a. When all his money had gone, Marx had to leave his house in London.

b. Marx had learned some English before he got to England.

c. He said he had never been to Shanghai.

d. By the middle of last month I had lived in Beijing for five years.

②.在帶有after / before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語的句子中, 由于after / before本身的詞義己經(jīng)表明了時(shí)間的先后, 所以這類句子中常用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)

a. We left the house before it began to rain.

b. I didn’t wait long before he came.

c. After we finished the tea, we all sat on the grass.

d. After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.

八.過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí):

2.用法: 表示一直持續(xù)進(jìn)行到過去某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作, 該動(dòng)作可能剛剛結(jié)束, 也可能還在進(jìn)行

a. I had been waiting for two hours before the manager came down to see me.

b. By the end of he had been learning English for five years.

1.shall / will do (shall用于第一人稱), 此結(jié)構(gòu)表示單純的將來, 不涉及主語的主觀意愿

a. I shall be twenty years old next year.

b. You will meet him at the station this afternoon.

c. The train will arrive soon.

2.be going to do sth, 此結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算最近或?qū)硪瞿呈? 或說話人根據(jù)己有跡象認(rèn)為非?？赡芗磳l(fā)生的事

a. I am going to meet Tom at the station at six.

b. He is going to stay here for a week.

c. Look at these black clouds --- it is going to rain.

d. I am afraid I am going to have a bad cold.

3.be +動(dòng)詞不定式, 此結(jié)構(gòu)表示職責(zé), 義務(wù), 意圖, 約定, 可能性等

a. You are to be back by 10 o’clock.

b. There is to be a sports meet next week.

c. We are to meet at the school gate.

4.be about to do sth, 此結(jié)構(gòu)表示“立刻, 馬上”要做某事或發(fā)生某情況

a. We are about to leave.

b. Autumn harvest is about to start.

a. This time tomorrow we will be talking with the boss about this matter.

b. I will be studying in this university for the next four years.

a. I will be seeing him next month.

b. We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July.

c. He will be arriving at six tomorrow morning.

十一.將來完成時(shí):

2.用法: 表示在將來的某一時(shí)刻之前將要完成的動(dòng)作, 這一動(dòng)作也可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行

a. By seven o’clock this afternoon we shall have arrived in Shanghai if the train keeps good line.

b. Before noon we will have completed this work.

十二.過去將來時(shí):

a. He said he would go to Shanghai for the holiday.

b. He told me that I should succeed.

a. They were going to have a meeting.

b. The students were going to plant some trees around the playground.

a. We were to finish the work in three days.

b. I was about to go out when a friend dropped in.

2.用法: 過去將來時(shí)表示相對過去某一時(shí)刻來說將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài), 以上各形式的具體用法與一般將來時(shí)各形式的用法相似

a. The work must be done right now.

b. That prisoner may be sentenced to death.

a. His bike has been stolen.

b. This window was broken last night.

a. China was liberated in 1949.

b. I was told you were late this morning.

a. The plan has already been made.

b. Yao Ming was elected MVP of the last week.

三.主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句:

a. The manager gave me ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.

→I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.

2.帶有賓語從句的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí), 賓語從句變成主語從句, 通常不位于句首, 句首用形式主語it

a. We can learn from the text that delicious apples are big.

→It can be learned from the text that delicious apples are big.

3.帶有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí), 將直接賓語或間接賓語變成被動(dòng)句的主語都可

a. My brother gave me a birthday present.

→I was given a birthday present. / A birthday present was given to me.

4.帶有復(fù)合賓語 (即賓語+賓補(bǔ)) 的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí), 賓補(bǔ)的形式一般不變, 只是名稱變成了主補(bǔ), 但當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)是不帶to的不定式時(shí), 要變成帶to的不定式

a. I saw him play near the river. He was seen to play near the river.

5.含有短語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí), 不要遺漏短語動(dòng)詞中的介詞或副詞

a. The children must be taken good care of. / Good care must be taken of the children.

四.應(yīng)注意的問題:

a. The children were excited at the news.

b. We are interested in the English novel.

c. The mother was worried about her son’s absence.

b. This kind of cloth washed very well.這種布很耐洗

c. This pen writes quite smoothly.這支筆很好使

d. This dish tastes good.這道菜味道不錯(cuò)

e. This kind of cloth feels smooth and soft.這料子摸起光滑柔軟

3.不是所有的及物動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語態(tài), 某些表示狀態(tài)或關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞只有主動(dòng)語態(tài), 而無相對應(yīng)的被動(dòng)語態(tài). 常見的這類動(dòng)詞有: cost花費(fèi), fit適合, have有, hold容納, lack缺乏, own擁有, suit適合, fail失敗, belong to屬于, agree with同意

高考課件(篇5)

在很久很久以前，盤古開天地后，誕生了許多掌事者。過去、現(xiàn)在與未來，她們分別掌管著人類過去、現(xiàn)在與未來的事情。她們雖然是姐妹，但小時(shí)候關(guān)系卻并不好，長大后也是各行各素。

女媧造人后，她們?nèi)齻€(gè)被分派到了不同時(shí)空里掌管事務(wù)。過去被分派到了以前的世界里，負(fù)責(zé)收藏人類的回憶;現(xiàn)在則待在了現(xiàn)實(shí)世界里，監(jiān)管著人們的一舉一動(dòng);未來呢，被分派到了遙遠(yuǎn)的未來世界，預(yù)知著人類的未來。

過去從不主動(dòng)與現(xiàn)在和未來聯(lián)系?，F(xiàn)在和未來由于相距甚遠(yuǎn)，也不常往來。

有一天，現(xiàn)在看見了一個(gè)男孩兒。他整天無所事事地玩耍，不是睡覺就是玩游戲，成績直線下降?，F(xiàn)在非常好奇他的未來是怎么樣的，但是他又不好意思去找未來詢問。

在同一天，未來也看見了一個(gè)男孩兒。那個(gè)男孩兒黑黝黝的，整天推著沉甸甸的沙石車行走在建筑工地，脖子上隨時(shí)都搭著一條毛巾，時(shí)不時(shí)地擦擦汗。未來也很好奇，他現(xiàn)在究竟是什么樣的?但他同樣不好意思去問現(xiàn)在。

終于，他倆再也忍不住了，異口同聲地問道：“帶我去看一個(gè)小男孩兒吧?！边@是他倆第一次心有靈犀、不約而同。

現(xiàn)在先帶著未來去了小男孩現(xiàn)在的世界里。未來看到現(xiàn)在的小男孩不思進(jìn)取、虛度光陰，不由地感嘆道：“原來他現(xiàn)在的生活是這樣的，難怪……”

接著，未來帶著現(xiàn)在來到了小男孩的未來?，F(xiàn)在看見了小男孩未來的生活，感慨他未來的生活竟這么慘，但卻沒有半分同情。想起小男孩現(xiàn)在的生活，他覺得他未來的生活活成如此模樣，正是“現(xiàn)在不努力，未來不會(huì)陪你演戲?！钡恼鎸?shí)寫照。

他倆一致認(rèn)為應(yīng)該給現(xiàn)在的小男孩一點(diǎn)提醒，讓他及時(shí)醒悟。于是，他們來到了小男孩的身邊，發(fā)現(xiàn)他正在睡覺?，F(xiàn)在拍了他一下，把他拍醒了，未來打開了兩界的通道，讓未來的小男孩看見了現(xiàn)在的小男孩。

現(xiàn)在醒來的男孩一頭霧水，而未來那個(gè)被曬得黑黝黝的男孩則慢慢露出笑容，對現(xiàn)在的男孩豎起了一個(gè)大拇指，并說道：“加油吧少年，趁現(xiàn)在!”男孩見狀，馬上用手拍了拍自己的臉龐，幡然醒悟。接著，翻開書爭分奪秒地學(xué)習(xí)了起來。

高考課件(篇6)

高考作文擬題技巧教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)范文

教學(xué)目標(biāo)

1、教授擬題方法，快速準(zhǔn)確擬題

2、鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新思維，力求脫穎而出

教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)：擬題技巧

教學(xué)方法：點(diǎn)評作文標(biāo)題，提取取標(biāo)題的方法

教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)思路：

關(guān)于高考作文如何取標(biāo)題的問題，資料相當(dāng)多。這也證明了此專題的重要性。但是每一個(gè)班都有適合他們自己穿的“鞋子”，我就是想為我現(xiàn)在所帶班級找到適合自己的“鞋子”。

擬題時(shí)，忌諱很多。但我只講我們班學(xué)生存在的普遍問題；擬題方法也有很多，但我重點(diǎn)講化用、借用；方法點(diǎn)睛時(shí)，可以選用很多的例子，但我只用班上學(xué)生自己取得標(biāo)題。

我通過統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)生最近三次大考中的作文標(biāo)題，將其列舉，讓學(xué)生自己去評價(jià)。一切看似高深的方法，我們都會(huì)用。最后讓學(xué)生實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練，將白板交給學(xué)生。修辭擬題法，作為靈活環(huán)節(jié)，看上課情況而定。時(shí)間寬松多講點(diǎn)，時(shí)間緊張少講點(diǎn)。文中所用作文材料將一資料的形式放在整篇設(shè)計(jì)的后面。

課時(shí)安排：1課時(shí)

教學(xué)過程：

一、導(dǎo)入新課（2分鐘）

故事激趣：有一位攝影愛好者，拍攝了一幅某少女在樹林里撐著傘的鏡頭，畫面、色彩和角度都不錯(cuò)，起名《晨曦》，此稿投向多個(gè)雜志社，結(jié)果都被退稿。后來有一位專業(yè)人士建議作者把題目換為 《有約》。結(jié)果不但見諸報(bào)刊，還獲得了三等獎(jiǎng)。

“題高則詩高，題矮則詩矮，不可不慎也””花香蝶自來，題好一半文”那么這次我們結(jié)合本次聯(lián)考作文談?wù)勅绾稳?biāo)題。

二、三忌（8分鐘）

（一）標(biāo)題忌跑題或偏題（3分鐘）

1、亮標(biāo)題。將本次考試中，同學(xué)們的作文標(biāo)題在多媒體上展現(xiàn)出來。先亮出低分作文標(biāo)題。

細(xì)節(jié)決定成敗 是金子總會(huì)發(fā)光 穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)

2、討論原因

本則材料側(cè)重于教練發(fā)現(xiàn)了許海峰，因?yàn)榻叹氷P(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)，許海峰成功了，所以第一個(gè)標(biāo)題有問題

如果沒有教練，許海峰的成績又不是很好，他這塊金子將會(huì)被埋沒，所以第二個(gè)標(biāo)題也有問題。

至于，穩(wěn)定性，只抓住了材料的枝葉，沒有抓住主干。

3、確定正確立意

先有伯樂，然后又千里馬 慧眼識人才…

得出結(jié)論：標(biāo)題首先要切題

作文取標(biāo)題實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練。通過對三篇學(xué)生近期所寫的三篇作文取標(biāo)題,教會(huì)學(xué)生去一個(gè)能讓人一見鐘情的標(biāo)題

（二）忌過于寬泛，大而無當(dāng)（2分鐘）

1、亮標(biāo)題?！墩勎拿鳌贰段拿鞯囊饬x》（市聯(lián)考作文題）這類標(biāo)題，雖然用的人不多，但每一次都有那么幾個(gè)人。

2、結(jié)論：要從自己確立的角度出發(fā)，不要題文不符；不能過于寬泛，大而無當(dāng)要求合理。

（三）忌俗套，千遍一律。（3分鐘）

有的人用添加法，結(jié)果100份試卷中就由10個(gè)人一樣或者類似的標(biāo)題。 我們每一次作文都會(huì)給大家一定的`范文，但是有的東西用爛了就不稀罕了。比如上學(xué)期，我們見到《莫讓浮云遮慧眼》，到現(xiàn)在為止，還有很多同學(xué)去仿寫。

一模考試中，我們有一位同學(xué)去了一個(gè)號標(biāo)題《讓完美之花開在缺陷的枝頭》 結(jié)果在二次聯(lián)考中出現(xiàn)了若干《讓…花開在…枝頭》其實(shí)別人是模仿2012年江西滿分作文中的《辛福之花，開在追去的枝頭》或許還有更早的源頭。

三、方法點(diǎn)睛（15分鐘）

（1）修辭法 巧妙地運(yùn)用比喻、對比、引用、設(shè)問、反問、呼告、對偶、夸張、雙關(guān)等常見的修辭手法，結(jié)合文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行特殊的加工編擬出標(biāo)題，可以收到新穎含蓄的獨(dú)特效果。

比喻，比擬我們同學(xué)這幾次作文也用得比較多。

《從心做起》《忙，茫，盲》利用諧音雙關(guān)等等

（2）引用式，化用法。

引用就是把詩詞歌曲、名言警句、成語俗語等引入標(biāo)題上，或略加改造，可以收到翻出新意、出奇制勝的效果。

（3）反彈琵琶新視角

在考場上，我們給作文擬題不但要快，而且要求新求趣，給人耳目一新的感覺。這就要求我們克服思維定式，逆向思考，追求陌生效果，擬出讓閱卷教師一見鐘情、怦然心動(dòng)的好標(biāo)題。

（ 4）符號法

《傳統(tǒng)都去哪兒了》 《且行且珍惜》

《夢里尋“綠”千百度》 《發(fā)展誠可貴，人性價(jià)更高》 《且向花間留晚照》（本次適應(yīng)性考試的標(biāo)題）

《讓文明之花開在文明枝頭》 《敢讓謙讓換新風(fēng)》

《文明之花別樣紅》 《天行健君子以文明不息》 《六尺巷》（以上是同學(xué)們在九江市聯(lián)考中取得標(biāo)題）

《野百合也有春天》 《借我一雙慧眼吧》

《莫讓瑕疵遮慧眼》 《的盧過檀溪》

《千里馬的春天綻放在伯樂的慧眼上》 《其真無馬耶》

（以上是針對分宜中學(xué)、臨川中學(xué)等地聯(lián)考作文取得標(biāo)題）

四、實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

閱讀材料，選擇一個(gè)角度構(gòu)思，自主立意，寫一篇不少于800字的文章。

一頭驢子和一匹馬到某磨坊去應(yīng)聘推磨工作。結(jié)果，驢被選中，馬遭淘汰。 一年以后，這匹馬被伯樂相中，成了遠(yuǎn)近聞名的千里馬。

磨坊的主人聞?dòng)嵰院?，后悔不迭地跑去對千里馬說：“你如此能干，當(dāng)初我居然沒有聘用你，我真是有眼無珠呀!”

作文取標(biāo)題實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練。通過對三篇學(xué)生近期所寫的三篇作文取標(biāo)題,教會(huì)學(xué)生去一個(gè)能讓人一見鐘情的標(biāo)題

“ 幸虧當(dāng)初沒被你聘用?！鼻Ю锺R說，“不然，我現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)成為千里馬，而是變成一頭推磨驢了!”

1、讓學(xué)生課上取標(biāo)題，允許討論

2、讓學(xué)生在白板上自由發(fā)揮，然后大家一起來探討標(biāo)題的可否性。

五、作業(yè)布置

根據(jù)上述材料，請選擇一個(gè)角度構(gòu)思作文，自主確定立意，確定文體，確定標(biāo)題；不要脫離材料內(nèi)容及含義的范圍作文，不要套作，不得抄襲。

高考課件(篇7)

一．假定你的名字叫張明，是一名高二學(xué)生。你于6月28日用英語給李老師寫了一封信。告訴她，你很喜歡英語。但是覺得單詞很難記，并常犯語法錯(cuò)誤。你希望老師給你提些建議，以便學(xué)好英語。

2、開頭語、結(jié)束語已為你寫好。

Dear Miss Li,

I’m a student in Senior One. I like English very much . But I have a lot of trouble in learning it. I find it difficult to remember English words and I often make lots of mistakes in grammar. Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?

I’m sorry for giving you so much trouble.

I would be most grateful if you could write to me.

Best wishes!

Yours respectfully,

二．請你按要求寫一篇日記（字?jǐn)?shù)60-80）。要點(diǎn)如下：

1、月29日星期五乘車去爬山；2、原定早上8點(diǎn)鐘出發(fā)，汽車9點(diǎn)鐘才到；

3、車在路上出了毛??；4、到達(dá)山腳時(shí)天下大雨；將近下午5點(diǎn)鐘雨才停。

My family and I decided to climb a mountain today. We had planned to set off at eight by bus. For some reason the bus didn’t come until nine o’clock. Unluckily (Unfortunately) for us, something went wrong with the bus on the way to the mountain. But when we arrived at the foot of the mountain, it began to rain heavily. It was nearly five o’clock in the afternoon when it stopped raining. Son we had to come back.

How disappointed I am today!

三．假如你是李剛，你寫信邀請你的英國筆友Jackie來參加你班將舉辦的暑假夏令營（Summer camp）活動(dòng)，并請他回信告訴你他是否能來。(字?jǐn)?shù)：100字左右。) 內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下：

1.活動(dòng)時(shí)間：7月20日至7月27日； 2.地點(diǎn)：之江渡假村（holiday village）；

3.內(nèi)容：參觀杭州風(fēng)景名勝；語言學(xué)習(xí)講座；舉辦晚會(huì)等；

Dear Jackie,

Haven’t been able to write to you for a long time. I wonder how you are getting on recently.

As you know. the summer vacation in China is coming. And the students in our class are going to have a summer camp. Would you please have the pleasure to come and join us? The summer camp is going to be held in the Zhijiang Holiday Village from July 20th to July 27th. In the summer camp，we are going to pay a visit to the places of interest in Hangzhou. And we are going to have talks on the study of languages and have parties as well.

Oh, I’m sorry I have to stop here now. Would you please write to tell me whether you can come and when if you can.

Best wishes.

根據(jù)以下提示，以O(shè)ur Great Country為題，寫一篇60-80個(gè)詞的短文，要求要點(diǎn)齊全，不要逐詞翻譯。

1．中國位于亞洲東部，是世界上最大的國家之一。

2．首都北京是政治文化（cultural）中心，有許多名勝。

3．偉大的祖國，歷史悠久，人口眾多，人民勤勞勇敢。

4．我們熱愛我們的祖國。

China, which lies in the east of Asia, is one of the largest countries in the world. It is a great country with a long history. Beijing, the capital of China, is the political and cultural centre and has many places of interest. China has a large population and the Chinese people are brave and hardworking. We love our great country.

五．A New Use for Tony‘s Model Plane為題，根據(jù)上面圖畫所

描繪的故事，寫一篇80詞左右的短文。

A New Use for Tony’s Model Plane

Tony was flying his model plane in the fields. There were

dark clouds gathering in the sky . Suddenly it began to

pour down very heavily . Tony was wet all over and

had to stop flying his plane . But soon the rain stopped.

Tony started to fly his plane again. But this time he used

the cord of his plane as a clothes-line to dry his wet shirt.

So he found a new use for his model plane.

六．你（林蘭）去找美國朋友Jenny不遇，留下一張便條。(詞數(shù)：60-80字)

內(nèi)容如下：

1． 今晚去藍(lán)石電影院看影片“藏龍臥虎”(Hidden Dragon Crouching Tiger)

3． 在學(xué)校門靠附近乘301路公共汽車。在第三個(gè)站下車，向前走約5分鐘，電影院在大型超市旁邊。

Jenny,

I’ve come to tell you that we’re going to see the film Hidden Dragon Crouching Tiger this evening. We will meet at the gate of the Blue Stone Cinema at 7:30. I guess you would like to see the film. You can take a No301 bus near the school gate and get off at the third stop. Then walk straight ahead. It takes about 5 minutes. You’ll see a big super market. The cinema is next to it. You can’t miss it.

內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下：

3. 過程：做準(zhǔn)備活動(dòng)（warm-up exercises）:老師講解并示范； 我緊張而失??；不灰心，反復(fù)練習(xí)；終于跳過三米。

Yesterday afternoon we had a PE lesson. After warm-up exercises, our teacher told us the way of long jump and showed us how to do it. Then we followed the teacher and practiced one after another. Soon came my turn and I felt a little nervous. I failed the first time but I wasn’t discouraged. I kept on practicing. At last I managed to jump over three metres. From the lesson I came to see that one will succeed if one has perseverance.

八．假定你是張玲，你寫信給某報(bào)編輯投訴服裝質(zhì)量問題.

內(nèi)容包括：

1. 上星期天你在紅星百貨商店買了一件襯衫 2. 洗衣服時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)襯衫腿色

3. 回商店要求換一件，遭拒絕 3. 希望生產(chǎn)長廠家ABC公司關(guān)注產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量

Editor,

I am writing to complain about the poor quality of a blouse produced by the ABC Company.

Last Sunday, I bought a blouse at Red Start, the largest department store in the city. The salesgirl said it was of good quality. But in fact, there was something wrong with it. When I washed it, the colour ran. I went back to the store to change it, but was refused. I felt very disappointed. I do hope the company will pay more attention to the quality of their goods if they want to get into the world market.

Thank you very much.

Yours faithfully,

Our English club has decided to organize a trip to the Nanhaizi Milu Park next Saturday, the 20th of October. We will meet at the school gate at 7:00 a.m. The school bus will leave at 7:15 a.m. Please be there on time.

Please get something ready for a picnic lunch. Be sure to wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking. And don’t forget to bring your cameras.

We hope everyone in our club will join the trip.

Oct. 16.

Dear Li Yun,

Next Monday is my birthday. I’m going to hold a birthday party at home in the evening. It will begin at 7:30. Would you like to come? I’ve also invited some of my classmates and some friends of ours.

Now I live at 12 Guang Ming Road. You can take Bus No.23 or No.45, and get off at the stop of Guang Ming Road. Then walk south for 50 metres. It’s a red house with a white door. You can’t miss it.

I do hope you will come.

Today we had a new English teacher. His name is Zhang Wen. He is a tall, young man with a pair of glasses. He told us that he was glad to teach us English.

When he taught, he spoke English. At the beginning, I found it a bit hard to understand him, but at the end of the lesson I felt much better. I was really happy, because I could not only read English, but also understand English through listening.

In order to help with the study of English, the Students Union will hold an English report next week. We have invited Professor Cook from Sydney University to give us a talk. The lecture is about some features of Australian English. The talk will be given at the Lecture Hall on Oct. 12, starting at 3:30 P.M. Each class may send 10 students to attend the lecture.

Do be there on time.

no smoking , please!

Smoking is a bad habit. It is bad for the health of the smokers themselves and the people who are around them. In fact, many kinds of diseases are caused by smoking. Every year, millions of smokers die from smoking tobacco.

Smoking itself is a waste of money. It costs one so much money. Besides, many fires are often caused by careless smokers.

Young people! Don’t join the group of people in hospital, the group of dying people, because they smoke.

An English summer camp is going to be held in the Dinghu Mountain by the school from Auguest 1 to Auguest 10.

Here are the time tables. In the morning, spoken English and some lectures about western cultures will be arranged. In the afternoon, students are going to take part in some activities such as climbing mountains, swimming, and playing games. In the evening, English activities will be held, at which students will sing some English songs and put on some English plays. Those who want to go to the camp should register from June 25 to June 30 in the teachers’ office.

高考課件(篇8)

同學(xué)們，我們無不為三峽的雄奇險(xiǎn)拔、清幽秀色所陶醉。其實(shí)，莽莽神州，茫茫九派，高山大岳，千流百川，我們偉大的祖國哪兒不是神奇如畫呢?不信，就請你細(xì)細(xì)品讀陶弘景的寫景小品文《答謝中書書》，讀完后你一定會(huì)覺得江南的山水真是一幅清麗的山水畫，是一首流動(dòng)的山水詩呢!

3、學(xué)生交流所查到的資料，教師補(bǔ)充。

陶弘景――南北朝時(shí)期的思想家、醫(yī)學(xué)家和文字家。又被稱為“山中宰相”。他的《答謝中書書》，描繪山川秀美，清新簡淡，為歷代寫景名作。

“山中宰相”――齊高帝曾經(jīng)召他進(jìn)宮陪伴太子讀書。后來，陶弘景遠(yuǎn)離塵世，隱居句曲山(今茅山)。他精通陰陽五行、山川地理、天文氣象。梁武帝繼位后，他“禮聘不出”。因此，每逢有兇吉、祭祀、征討大事，朝廷都要派人進(jìn)山向他請教，故稱他為“山中宰相”。陶一生好松。每當(dāng)輕風(fēng)吹拂松枝，發(fā)出“沙沙”的聲響時(shí)，他就象聽到仙樂一樣如癡如狂。有時(shí)，他竟一人進(jìn)山，專去聽山野松濤之聲，人又稱之“仙人”。

2、以同座為單位交流自學(xué)情況，疏通文意，提出認(rèn)為比較重要的或解決不了的詞句。

山川之美，古來共談。高峰入云，清流見底。兩岸石壁，五色交輝。青林翠竹，四時(shí)俱備。曉霧將歇，猿鳥亂鳴。夕日欲頹，沉鱗競躍。實(shí)是欲界之仙都。自康樂以來，未復(fù)有能與其奇者。

1、 以小小組為單位欣賞作者是怎樣寫景的.(參考《山峽》的各種描寫角度)

2、 古人善于從一川一坳之中發(fā)現(xiàn)地理形勝之美，在對美的描述之中表達(dá)其中的適己之意。想想此文表達(dá)了作者怎樣的感情?

【其一：山水相映之美。山的峻峭，水的明麗。水的動(dòng)勢給山增加了活力，山的倒影給水鋪上了異彩，二者相映成趣。其二：色彩配合之美。兩岸石壁，五色交輝;青林翠竹，四時(shí)俱備，藍(lán)天作背景，綠水為襯托，絢麗動(dòng)人，美不勝收。其三：晨昏變化之美。清晨白霧繚繞，似煙似縷，猿啼鳥鳴生機(jī)勃勃;傍晚紅日西沉，山色蒼茫，飛鳥歸林，猿猴息樹，游魚躍水。其四：動(dòng)靜相襯之美。高峰為靜，流水為動(dòng)(形體)。林青竹翠為靜，五色交輝為動(dòng)(光色)日出霧歇為靜，猿鳥亂史鳴為動(dòng);日落山暝為靜，游魚躍水為動(dòng)(聲響)。

總之：先仰視“高峰入云”，再俯視“清流見底”，又平看“兩岸石壁”“青林翠竹”，最后又分“曉”，“夕”兩層來寫，一句一景，次第井然。同時(shí)注意了色彩的配合、晨夕的變化，動(dòng)靜的結(jié)合等?！?/p>

【酈道元抓住江水與兩岸高山特征，狀物傳神，描繪了一幅奇異美妙、既生機(jī)盎然又幽深冷靜的圖畫，又于其中寄寓對祖國大好河山的熱愛贊美之情。

陶宏景的《答謝中書書》，寫的則是普通的山川之美，他狀寫高峰清流、石壁清林，描摹日光的色彩變化和猿鳴魚游，都是一些常見之景，但寫得清麗自然，自有一股渾然天趣，表露自己居身其中的歡樂、愉悅、悠然自在之情。】

本文和《山峽》一樣，四字寫景句非常多，試最大化地運(yùn)用或改用它們說一段話來描繪景物，看誰用得多，用得好。

高峰入云，清流見底。兩岸石壁，五色交輝。青林翠竹，四時(shí)俱備。

曉霧將歇，猿鳥亂鳴。夕日欲頹，沉鱗競躍。

兩岸連山，略無闕處。重巖疊嶂，隱天蔽日，

夏水襄陵，沿溯阻絕。

春冬之時(shí)，素湍綠潭，回清倒影，懸泉瀑布，飛漱其間，清榮峻茂，良多趣味。

1、借助注釋和工具書疏通文意，翻譯課文，提出認(rèn)為比較重要的或解決不了的詞句。

2、文章主要寫了什么景，是怎樣寫的?

4、 作者的思想感情與《答謝中書書》有什么不同?

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