古人云，工欲善其事，必先利其器。在上課時幼兒園的老師都想讓自己的課堂知識能夠吸引小朋友們的注意力，為了加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)效率，我們一般會事先準(zhǔn)備好教案，教案有助于讓同學(xué)們很好的吸收課堂上所講的知識點(diǎn)。那么如何寫好我們的幼兒園教案呢？由此，有請你讀一下以下的“最新高三課件(通用13篇)”，僅供參考，希望能為你提供參考！
討論以下問題：
1、為什么整個情節(jié)很荒誕，但讀起來卻能讓人理解？
（細(xì)節(jié)很真實(shí)，尤其是格的心理活動，讓人覺得他雖是蟲形，實(shí)是“人心”，而且對甲蟲的習(xí)性和對格變形后的心理把握得準(zhǔn)確，讓人可信。要求學(xué)生結(jié)合課文來回答這個問題。而且還要指導(dǎo)學(xué)生：荒誕不是亂講，而這是部分同學(xué)寫作文時容易犯的一個毛病――不講邏輯，不注重細(xì)節(jié)。）
2、格里高爾為什么會變?yōu)榧紫x？
（這是文章的思想意義所在，是討論問題中的重點(diǎn)，要注意延伸和拓展。
根本原因是人性的喪失，人失去了自己本來應(yīng)有的東西，就異化為非人了，而人之所以會喪失人性是由于：工作壓力，人際關(guān)系的冷漠，人對自身的命運(yùn)感到無法把握）
3、如何評價家人對格的態(tài)度。
（這是一個難題，也是卡夫卡對人類出的一份難以回答的試卷，它充分顯示出卡夫卡的.冷靜和深刻，還有勇氣）
教后：
學(xué)生的討論較為激烈，第一個問題屬于理解層面，結(jié)合學(xué)生寫作中不講邏輯的毛病自己作了一定的闡述。
第二個問題的討論最為熱鬧，具體如下：
工作壓力／生活緊張，頻率快，――甲蟲則是行動緩慢的／作者刻意安排的，想用來檢測一下人間的真情／利益驅(qū)動下，人的本性喪失了／甲蟲是自由的，是格的一種理想／甲蟲之有“甲”，是格下意識的防范心理起的作用，也是現(xiàn)代人和人之間的一種心理壁壘／大身軀，小足，顯示出格不堪生活重負(fù)的特征
歸納起來說，學(xué)生們主要從兩方面來說明：為什么會變，為什么變成甲蟲而不是其他的什么動物。――相當(dāng)深刻。
對第三個問題，學(xué)生基本上分為兩種觀點(diǎn)：對家人責(zé)備；認(rèn)為可以理解，應(yīng)該如此。――反映出了現(xiàn)代學(xué)生獨(dú)立思考的可貴品質(zhì)；但部分同學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)很“現(xiàn)實(shí)”，顯得有點(diǎn)和“傳統(tǒng)美德”有出入。
The First Period: Preparations for Reading
Step1 Learning the new words in the unit
Step2 Warming up
Note: The answers are based on world records as recorded by Guinness in
1. B. Vostok, Antarctica, 1983.
2. A. Radhouane Charbib, Tunisia, 2.35 meters. The tallest man in history may have been Robert P. Wadlow, USA, who was 2.72 meters in 1940.
3. A. Michael Kearney, USA. Michael was 6 years and 7 months old when he was studying for his degree. He graduated in 1994, at age 10, and later gained a Master’s degree at the age of 14.
4. A. Pelé (Edson Arantes do Nascimento), Brazil. Pelé played for the Brazilian team Santos of Rio de Janeiro and the American team the New York Cosmos, scoring a total of 1,279 goals.
5. B. Shamsher Singh, India. 1.83 meters in . Norwegian Hans Langseth had the longest beard ever, 5.33 meters in 1927.
6. B. Errol ET Muzawazi, Zimbabwe, gave a political-science lecture in Poland that lasted 62.5 hours.
Step3 Listening
Do Exercise 2 and 3.
Step4 Speaking
The Second Period: Reading
Step1 Pre-reading
Good morning, boys and girls. Summer is coming. It is becoming hotter and hotter. Do you know what the highest temperature is? What is the lowest temperature? Do you know where to find the answers to such interesting questions? (The Guinness Book of World Records.) What kind of book is it?
Step2 Reading
(1) Scan the text and find the answers to the questions in Pre-reading.
1. Sir Hugh Beaver was the director of Guinness Brewery who decided to write a book about records.
The book became the Guinness Book of World Records.
2. The first edition of the Guinness Book of World Records was published in 1955.
3. The longest moustache in the world reached a length of 1.6 meters.
4. Urumqi is the most remote city from the sea. A special and delicious record was set in 1997 to
celebrate Hong Kong’s return to China. The world’s largest jiaozi was made, weighing an
incredible 480 kilograms!
5. Lance Armstrong won the Tour de France in .
(2) Careful reading: find the main idea of each paragraph.
1. The birth of the book.
2. Records are sent into the book each year and they are put into different categories.
3. Some Chinese records in the book.
4. Many of the records come from the world of sports: some have moving life stories behind them.
5. Why people are so interested in world records.
6. The procedures to apply for a Guinness world record.
Step3 Post-reading
(1) Do Exercise2 in the Post-reading. (Keys: A: Para.5 B: Para.2 C: Para.1 D: Para.4 E: Para.6 F: Para.5)
(2) Do Exercise3 in the Post-reading.
Key: contact the Guinness Book of World Records →the editors decide whether the record attempt is suitable →the editors send rules and forms →a Guinness official inspects the record attempt →the official confirms the record →the Guinness Book of World Records sends a certificate
(3) Answer the following questions:
1. What are the categories in the Guinness Book of World Records?
The categories are human body, amazing feats, the natural world, science and technology, arts and the media, modern society, travel and transport and sports and games
2. What types of record attempts are not allowed?
Record attempts that are dangerous to the person who is attempting it or to others are not allowed.
(4) Discussion:
1. Why did Sir Hugh Beaver want to create such a book?
2. Why do you think the book has been a best-seller for so many years?
The Third Period: Useful Words and Expressions in the Text
In 1951,the then① director of the Guinness Brewery ,Sir Hugh Beaver, wanted to settle an argument about the fastest bird in Europe．After talking to his friends, he concluded② that a book which answered such questions might be popular. The Guinness company hired③ a company to write what later became Guinness Book of World Records④. The first edition was published in 1955 and has been a best-seller ever since. 在1951年，吉尼斯啤酒廠當(dāng)時的廠長休-畢沃先生想要解決關(guān)于歐洲最快的鳥的爭論。和他的朋友們交談后，他認(rèn)定能回答這樣一些問題的書可能會受歡迎。吉尼斯公司聘用諾里斯和羅斯-麥科沃寫了一本后來成為吉尼斯記錄的書。第一版在1955年出版，從那以后一直是一本最暢銷的書。
① then adv.用來修飾名詞，意為“那時的，當(dāng)時的”
② conclude vt., vi.
1. 結(jié)束[(+with)]
We concluded our meeting at 9 o'clock.
He concluded his speech with a question. =end … with…
The meeting concluded with the International song. =end with…
”To conclude, I wish you all good health and a long life.“ “最后,祝大家健康長壽。
2.推斷出,斷定 [+that]
The doctor concluded that the patient's disease was cancer. 醫(yī)生斷定病人患的是癌癥。
The judge concluded that the accused was guilty. 法官判定被告有罪
3. 締結(jié)(條約)[(+with)]
Britain concluded a trade agreement with China.
4. (最后)決定(為)[+to-v][+that]
He concluded to wait (=that he would wait) a little longer.
conclusion n.結(jié)論
come to/draw/reach/arrive at a conclusion得出結(jié)論(from the facts)
bring sth to a conclusion使……結(jié)束
come to / reach the conclusion that...所得結(jié)論是...，斷定
leap / jump to a conclusion貿(mào)然斷定， 過早下結(jié)論
in conclusion = lastly 最后,總之
eg: In conclusion I’ d like to say that you did it very well.
③ hire vt.（同）employ /take on, (反) dismiss/fire ;
特別注意區(qū)別：hire；employ；rent；appoint
vt. hire sb.（臨時或短時間）雇傭某人 hire sth. = rent sth. 租借/用（東西）hire / rent sth.(out )to sb.把某物出租給某人; n. 租金（= rent），雇用
employ/ take on sb.（較長時間）雇用或聘用某人 employ sth. = make use of sth
appoint sb.任命/委派/挑選某人（做某工作或任某職位）
④ record vt.記錄，錄制 n. 記錄；唱片（注意讀音）
keep a record 保持記錄 set a new record 創(chuàng)新記錄
break/beat a record 打破記錄 make a new record 刷新記錄
keep a record of 保存…的記載 make e record 錄制/制作唱片
More than 60，000 new records are sent in① to the book each year, but they cannot all be printed. Instead, the editors of the book set down② the records and keep track of③ them in other ways．The records are put into different categories．The Guinness Book of World Records has chapters on the human body，amazing feats，the natural world，science and technology，arts and the media，modern society，travel and transport，and sports and games．You can learn that the oldest person is a woman who lived to be④ 122 years and 164 days，that the longest moustache reached a length of 1.6 metres and that the longest poisonous snake is 5.71 metres long. There are also strange records, like the Englishman who balanced⑤ a small car weighing 159.6 kilogrammes on his head for thirty-three seconds!每年送來6,000多個記錄，但它們不能都出版。然而編輯們記下這些記錄，并以其他方式繼續(xù)了解情況。這些記錄被分成不同的目錄。《吉尼斯世界大全》關(guān)于人體的篇章、令人驚嘆的偉績篇章、自然世界篇章、科學(xué)技術(shù)篇章、藝術(shù)和媒體篇章、現(xiàn)代社會篇章、旅游和交通篇章以及體育和娛樂篇章。你可以了解到年紀(jì)最大的人是一個活了122年164天的婦女，最長的胡須長達(dá)1.6米，最長的毒蛇有5.71米長。書中還有令人不可思議的記錄，如一個英國人頭頂重159.6公斤的小汽車長達(dá)33秒鐘。
①Send sb in派人去處理某事
Soldiers were sent in to put down the riots。
Send sth in寄送某處進(jìn)行處理
Have you sent in your application for the job？
② set sth. down 寫下來
Why don’t you set your idea down on paper?
set sb. down 停車讓人下車
The bus stopped to set down an old lady.
I’ll set you down at the corner of the street.
短語聯(lián)想：set about sth./doing sth.做手某事/做某事＝set out to do開始干
set off 出發(fā) set aside 不理會；擱置；存儲＝put away
set foot in/on 踏上 set fire to sth./set sth on fire 防火燒掉…
set up 成立；建造 be set in 以…為背景
③ keep track of 記錄；掌握…的線索；保持對…的聯(lián)系
keep/ lose track of sb./ sth. = keep in/lose touch with 與…保持/失去接觸
be on sb’s track/be on the track of sb. =be after sb.追蹤某人
make tracks for…＝go towards 走向
in one’s tracks =there and then當(dāng)場，立刻
It’s hard to keep track of all one’s old school friends.
lose track of 失去的…線索；失掉對…的聯(lián)系
lose track of time 說不準(zhǔn)現(xiàn)在的確切時間
歸納拓展
keep off 遠(yuǎn)離,不接近,避開 keep away from sb 遠(yuǎn)離某人
keep out 使在外,勿入 keep back 阻止;扣留;忍住
keep a diary記日記
keep …in mind記住,想著 keep up保持,繼續(xù)
keep up with 跟上(狀態(tài)) catch up with 跟上(動作)
keep watch 守望,值班 keep one’s promise 信守諾言
keep house管家 keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
④ live to be 活到。不定式 to be 作結(jié)果狀語
She lived to be 80. 她活到了八十歲。
類似結(jié)構(gòu)：prove /turn out to be…證明是；結(jié)果是
⑤ balance n.
天平: Have you brought something to weigh the flesh? A balance?
平衡: keep/lose one’s balance keep the balance of nature
諧調(diào)，勻稱:All the parts of the building are in perfect balance.
余額: I must check my bank balance.
v. 使……保持平衡: How long can you balance on one foot?
結(jié)算: balance an account / one’s books 結(jié)賬
等價，抵消:This year’s profits will balance our previous losses.
There are many Chinese records，F(xiàn)or example，Tian’anmen Square is the largest square in the world with an area of① about 40 hectares. China has a greatest number of hospitals in the world and Urumqi is the most remote city from the sea - it is 2,500 kilometres from the nearest coast．A special and delicious record was set in 1997 to celebrate Hong Kong’s return to China. The world’s largest jiaozi was made, weighing an incredible 480 kilogrammes! 書中也有一些中國記錄，例如，天安門廣場是世界上最大的廣場，占地大約40公頃。中國的醫(yī)院數(shù)量昌世界上最多的，烏魯木齊是離海最遠(yuǎn)的城市，離最近的海岸2,500公里。在慶祝香港回歸中國時創(chuàng)了一個特別的美味的記錄，做了世界上最大的一個餃子，餃子重得驚人，為480公斤。
① with an area of…擁有…面積
Many of the records in the Guinness Book of World Records come from the world of sports. Among the brilliant athletic achievements, a few records stand out① because of the moving life stories behind them．The Guinness world record for the fastest average speed at the Tour de France was set in by the American cyclist Lance Armstrong. Impressive as② the record is, it fades③ next to④ the story of Armstrong’s struggle against disease. In Armstrong ,the then No 1 cyclist in the world, was diagnosed⑤ with cancer and many thought that it meant the end of his cancer, maybe even his life. In , however, Armstrong returned to the world of racing．He went on to set the speed record and achieve his goal of winning the Tour de France six years in a row⑥ from 1999 to ．許多在《吉尼斯世界記錄大全》的記錄來自世界體育。在許多杰出的體育成就中，一些記錄尤為突出，因?yàn)橛涗浀谋澈笥懈腥说墓适隆＜崴故澜缬涗?，在環(huán)法自行車大賽平均最快的速度是由美國自行車運(yùn)動員蘭斯-阿姆斯特朗創(chuàng)下的，雖然這個記錄令人難忘，但阿姆斯特朗與疾病抗?fàn)幍墓适卤冗@更令人矚目。在，阿姆斯特朗，世界排名第一的自行車運(yùn)動員被確診患有癌癥，許多人認(rèn)為這意味著他運(yùn)動生涯的盡頭。然而在阿姆斯特朗返回世界賽場。他繼續(xù)創(chuàng)下了速度記錄，實(shí)現(xiàn)了他連續(xù)6次獲得環(huán)法自行車賽冠軍的目標(biāo)。
① stand out明顯；醒目；突出；杰出 ; 堅持；支撐
to stand out a crisis挨過危機(jī) Stand still ! 站住，不許動！
stand by 在場；靠近; 袖手旁觀；（無線 電臺或軍事方面）待命，準(zhǔn)備行動 ; 試圖援助；極力支持；忠于；信守
to stand by one's promise 遵守諾言 stand for代表，表示；意指；象征；容忍；允許
stand up耐久；耐用; 成立；站起 stand up for 維護(hù)；擁護(hù)；支持
Will the charge stand up in court? 這個指控在法庭上能成立嗎？
② Impressive as the record is = Though the record is impressive。
as conj.雖然，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，必須倒裝表語名詞（若為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)必須省去a/an）或形容詞（或相當(dāng)于形容詞的分詞）﹑副詞狀語或動詞原形。此時用though 也可以，但though引導(dǎo)的從句可以倒裝也可以不倒裝。
Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.
Young as/though he is, he can do it well.
Much as /though I like the book, I won’t buy it.
Try as /though he may, he won’t succeed.他或許會嘗試，但不會成功。
Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.
Angry as he was, he listened to me patiently.他很惱火，卻能耐心地聽我說話。
The air was cold, bright as the sun was.雖然陽光燦爛，天氣卻很冷。
③ fade vt., vi. faded, fading
A. 枯萎，退色，失去光澤；
Cut flowers soon fade. 剪下來的花朵容易枯萎。
The colour in this silk material will not fade. 這種綢布料子不會褪色。
B. (聲音等)變微弱;(光等)變暗淡;逐漸消失[(+away)]
The sound of the footsteps faded away. 腳步聲漸漸消失了。
The memory of her sufferings in her childhood will never fade from her mind. 她永遠(yuǎn)不會忘卻童年時代所受的痛苦。
The shapes faded (away) into the night. 這些形象在夜色中漸漸消失。
C.（電影或廣播中畫面和聲音的）漸變
fade in（電影畫面或廣播聲音）漸現(xiàn)，淡入，漸強(qiáng)
fade out（電影畫面或廣播聲音）漸隱，淡出，漸弱
④ next to
1) 在……旁邊: He lives next to me.
2) 跟在……之后:
Next to skiing her favorite sport was ice-hockey. 我最喜歡的運(yùn)動是滑雪，其次是冰球。
3）幾乎，近于(常用于否定詞之前)
next to impossible 幾乎不可能 next to last 倒數(shù)第二
⑤ diagnose vt.斷定…的原因或性質(zhì)。diagnose sb. with a disease 診斷某人患了某種疾病
be diagnosed. with a disease 被診斷患了某種疾病
The teacher diagnosed the pupils’ reading difficulties. 老師找出了學(xué)生在閱讀上的原因。
His parents diagnosed his son’s absence from school. 他父母找出了兒子缺課的原因。
注：diagnose 的名詞為diagnosis, 其復(fù)數(shù)為diagnoses，意為“診斷，診斷的結(jié)果，診斷書”。
⑥ in a row 連續(xù)， 一連串
in rows 成行， 成排
China’s women volleyball team won five champions in a row in the 1980s.
They planted the trees in rows.
Why are people so interested in world records? Part of the reason for our interest is probably the same curiosity that led Sir Hugh to write the Guinness Book of World Records in the first place①．We want to know what is possible and find out just how far we can push ourselves. Clearly，we are also entertained② by accounts③ of strange and unusual deeds and facts．Whether we are out to set a new record ourselves or simply enjoy reading about champions, the Guinness Book of World Records makes for④ interesting reading．為什么人們對世界記錄這么感興趣？我們感興趣的部分原因也許是和使得Hugh先生率先寫了《吉尼斯世界記錄大全》一樣的好奇心。我們想知道什么是可能的，我們能夠推進(jìn)多遠(yuǎn)。顯而易見，一些奇妙的、不同尋常的行為和事實(shí)敘述使我們快樂。無論我們是親自破記錄，還是欣賞閱讀有關(guān)別人的奪冠壯舉，《吉尼斯世界記錄大全》都算得上是一本有趣的書籍。
① in the first place首先, 第一點(diǎn) in the last place最后
in the next place其次, 第二點(diǎn) in place of 代替, 用...而不用…
in places 在某些地方, 有幾處
in one’s place 處于某人的位置, 為某人設(shè)身處地想一想 (= in place of sb.代替某人，取代某人的位置)
make place for 為...騰出地方, 讓位于
take one's place 就座, 入座; 占有 地位;代替某人; 接替某人的位置
take the place of 代替 take place發(fā)生, 舉行
in place 在原處； 適合 out of place不適合
I won’t go shopping today. In the first place I am tired; in the next place I have so much work to do; in the last place, I have nothing to buy
② entertain 招待，款待
entertain friends at / to [BrE] dinner請朋友吃飯
entertain guests with refreshments以茶點(diǎn)招待客人
注意當(dāng)“款待”時的用法＝treat sb to sth./serve sb with
③ account n.
A.報導(dǎo)，（書面或口頭）報告
an exciting account of the match對這次比賽激動人心的報導(dǎo)
The newspaper's account of the so-called reshuffle of the financial ministry was a complete fiction. 報紙對所謂的財政部人事改組的報導(dǎo)完全是捏造的。
B.考慮；顧及利益: He put his knowledge to good account. 他使知識發(fā)揮了效益。
C.賬目: The accounts show we have spent more than we received. 賬目表明我們
支出多于收入。
D.所欠賬目: account payable應(yīng)付賬款
Your account is still unpaid. 你的帳還沒付。
E.科目；賬戶: He put the money into his bank account. 他把錢存在他的銀行賬戶上。
open /close an account開立/結(jié)束賬戶
G. vi., vt. 認(rèn)為: I account myself well paid. 我自認(rèn)為收入頗佳。
習(xí)慣用語
on account of因?yàn)?；由?She retired early on account of illness.
on no account=not on any account絕不；千萬不要 On no account should the house be left unlocked.
on one's own account為了私利；責(zé)任自負(fù)(=at one’s own risk)；獨(dú)自(=by oneself)
on this/that account由于這個/那個緣故 Weather conditions were poor, but he did not delay his departure on that account.
of no/little account無足輕重 Emotional matters were of no account to them during the war.
on sb’s account為了某人的緣故 Please don’t change your plans on my account.
by/from all accounts據(jù)說，據(jù)報道 I have never been there, but it is a lovely place, by all accounts.
by your own account根據(jù)某人自己所說 By his won account he had an unhappy childhood.
take…into account (=consider) 把...考慮進(jìn)去
account for 解釋；說明：是……的原因;占;了解，查明;打敗，消滅
How do you account for all the accidents in series? 你怎么解釋這接二連三地發(fā)生的事故呢?
The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd. Oh, well, that accounts for it.
The Japanese market accounts for 35%of the company’s revenue.
All passengers have now been accounted for.
Our anti-aircraft guns accounted for 5 enemy bombers.
④ make for 可造成；可成為；有好處，有助于＝contribute to
The large print makes for easier reading大字排版使閱讀輕松些。.
Does early rising make for good health? 早起有利于健康嗎？
Cultural exchanges makes for mutual understanding. 文化交流有助于相互了解。
歸納拓展
make fun of取笑 make it規(guī)定時間；做到，辦成
make out填寫；理解；辨認(rèn)出 make up彌補(bǔ)；補(bǔ)償；組成；虛構(gòu)；化裝，打扮
make full use of充分利用
Anybody can try to set a record．There are，however，some records that the book does not accept．No records that are dangerous to the person who is attempting① it or to others are allowed．If you want to try to set a record，you should first contact the Guinness Book of World Records．The editors will decide if your idea is suitable② and then send you rules and the form you need to apply for③ the record. After wards，if all goes well，a Guinness official will come to inspect your attempt：If you are successful, the official will confirm the record and you will get a certificate from the Guinness Book of World Records stating that you are a world record holder! 任何人都能努力創(chuàng)記錄。然而，有些記錄這書不接受。任何對自己或他人有危險的記錄都是不允許收入的，如果你想創(chuàng)記錄，你應(yīng)該首先與吉尼斯記錄大全聯(lián)系，編輯將判定你的想法是否合適，然后將你所需要申請記錄的規(guī)則和表格寄給你。以后如果一切順利的話，吉尼斯官員將來檢驗(yàn)?zāi)阌袊L試。如果能成功，吉尼斯官員會證實(shí)你的記錄，你會得到《吉尼斯世界記錄大全》的證書，說明你是世界記錄持有者
① attempt
vt. 試圖;企圖;試圖做[+to-v][+v-ing]
They attempted to finish the task before July.
attempt a difficult task試圖完成一項(xiàng)艱難的任務(wù)
attempt to carry out a plan試圖執(zhí)行某一計劃
A man is being questioned in relation to the attempted murder last night. (一個涉嫌參與昨天夜里謀殺的人正在接受審訊.)
n. 試圖，企圖：
make an attempt to do / at/on doing sth 試圖做某事
He made an attempt on the world record.
Her attempt at poetry was a failure.
The two superpowers both collude and struggle with each other in a vain attempt to redivide the world.
Mary has been preparing carefully for the English examination, so that she can be sure of passing it at her first attempt. (…以便于第一次嘗試就能通過)
② suitable adj. 合適，適宜的
歸納拓展
suit vt. 適合（指顏色、花樣或款式的適合）
fit vt.適合（指大小、尺寸適合某人）
match vt.相配（指物體間大小、色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)方面的搭配），是-----的對手
suited adj. 適合的
be suitable for/ to = be fit for = be suited to/ for適合于……，適宜于……
③ apply
vi. apply( to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申請某物 apply to do sth. 申請干某事
You should apply immediately, in person or by letter.
Apply to the publishers for permission to reprint an extract
Apply for a job/post/passport/visa
I want to apply for the job.我想申請這項(xiàng)工作
vt. apply sth to sth應(yīng)用；運(yùn)用
The results of the research can be applied to new developments in technology.
apply to sb/sth 適用 I have said applies only to some of you.
apply oneself/ sth. to sth./doing sth.=devote oneself to sth./doing sth. 專心從事/埋頭于…
You will only pass your exams if you really apply yourself to your work.
We must apply our minds to finding a solution. 動腦筋------
注意：application n. 申請，請求，n. 申請書
applicant n. 申請人 applicable adj.使用的，合適的
The Fourth Period: Language Study
Step1 Word study
2 Complete the following passage with the words or phrases from the box, using their proper form．
announce apply for athletic certificate confirm fade
inspect opportunity suitable in the first place
July 13， saw a very bright night in Beijing that will never(1) fade from memory．That night thousands of enthusiastic people celebrated Winning the bid① for the 29th Olympic Games in ．
In order to (2) apply for the 2008 Olympic Games, the Chinese people and the government have done all they could to show that Beijing is (3) suitable to host the world’s largest (4) athletic event over the past two decades. Many of the members of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) have visited Beijing to (5) inspect China’s progress in preparing for the Olympic Games. They were fascinated② to see enthusiastic people everywhere，even in the small hutongs in the city.
When IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch (6) announced that Beijing would host the 2008 Olympic Games, all Chinese watching him on TV burst③ into cheers: ”We have won !”Afterwards, the Chinese delegation was given a (7) certificate by the IOC in Moscow which (8) confirmed the decision.
It was not only a great honour for Beijing but also a historical achievement for the whole nation. The reason why④ the Chinese people and the government want the Olympic Games (9) in the first place is to show that the country is able to host such an important event, to welcome foreigners to get a better understanding of China and to create new business (10) opportunities. We all hope that the 2008 Olympic Games will be the best ever and that the athletes and visitors will enjoy China and Beijing.
① vt., vi. bade 或 bid, bidden 或 bid, bidding
致意（問候或道別）
The little girl bid her granny good morning as she gets up in the morning. 小孫女一早起來就向外祖母道早安。
吩咐（某人做某事）: Do as you are bidden. 按吩咐你的去做。
出價；投標(biāo): He bid for an old book. 他為一本舊書出價5美元。
（打牌時）叫牌: I bid 2 spades. 我叫兩個黑桃。
n. 出價
Park wants to sell his farm, and he has already had two large bids for it. 帕克想賣掉他的農(nóng)場，并且已經(jīng)有兩個出大價的買主。
投標(biāo)；招標(biāo): Bids for building the bridge were invited. 應(yīng)邀參加建造那座橋梁的投標(biāo)。
叫牌的機(jī)會
② fascinate vt. 迷住, 深深吸引
歸納拓展 adj. fascinating 迷人的
adj. fascinated 感到迷人的
③ burst into sth 突然而猛烈地發(fā)出或產(chǎn)生出某事物
歸納拓展 burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭
burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑
burst vt., vi. burst, bursting爆炸；脹裂; 突然而起；闖入; 充滿；滿盈
She burst through the door. 她突然闖進(jìn)門。
I am bursting with joy. 我高興得不得了。
burst out迸發(fā)；突然發(fā)作；突然…起來;
They burst out laughing. 他們突然大笑起來。
burst into the house = break into the house
n. 突發(fā)；猝起: a burst of laughter突發(fā)的笑聲
④ The reason why…is that…. 這是一個常用句式，表示“…的原因是…”，如：
The reason why he came late was that he was caught in the heavy rain.
STEP2 GRAMMAR
Review the Subject
英語中除了名詞、代詞可以充當(dāng)主語之外，還有以下幾種情況：
(1) the + adj.
(2) to do sth
(3) doing sth
(4) the subject clause
(5) it 作形式主語,而由不定式或從句充當(dāng)真正的主語放在句尾。
The wounded need treatment.
To win the game is our wish.
Taking exercise early in the morning has become part of her life.
Whether Jim will pass the interview depends on his confidence in himself.
It worried her a bit whether he will come or not.
The Fifth Period: Integrating skills
Step 1 Warming up
Last period, we learnt something about the Guinness Book of World records.
1. Who won the Tour de France six years in a row from 1999-2004? (Lance Armstrong)
This record is from the world of sports.
2. Do you like sports?
3. What kind of sports do you like?
4. What sports are up-to-date at present? (Surfing, rafting, rock climbing, bungee jumping…)
5. What do these sports have in common? (All of them are exciting. They need not only courage but also skills. )
6. Who are more interested in these sports? (Young people are more interested in these sports.)
7. Have you ever taken part in these kinds of sports?
So you are out-of-date! Although these sports are very popular in foreign countries, many Chinese teenagers have already been experienced! So they are experienced!
Today we’ll learn a passage about them called “Are you experienced?”
Step 2 Integrating skills
Read the text and answer the following questions:
1. On weekends what do Lin Yong and his friends usually do after finishing their homework?
(They will go to the park to do skateboarding.)
2. When and how did they come up with the idea to build the ramp?
(Three years ago after watching a skateboarding competition on TV.)
3. What is their skateboarding club called? (Fun On Wheels.)
4. What are the hearts and minds of people to experience these sports?
(To try something new; to do something that you didn’t think you could do and overcome your fears.)
5. What is the difference between extreme sports and regular sports?
Extreme sports don’t have clear rules for winning or losing. The goal is often to have fun and enjoy the excitement of trying something new, dangerous and difficult; to defeat the other team or set a new record.
6. Is the sport too dangerous in their opinion?
(No, they don’t think so. Because they all wear helmets and other equipment to protect themselves. They don’t let anyone try a dangerous trick unless they are sure that they are skilled enough to perform it safely.)
7. What do “360” and “hang ten” mean?
360-jump high in the air and make a circle
Hang ten-jump high in the air with none of the fingers but toes touching the board.
Step3 Language points
1. a dozen of + 特指名詞或人稱代詞復(fù)數(shù)賓格
a dozen +泛指名詞
a dozen eggs a dozen of those apples a dozen of them
二十四 two dozen 三十六three dozen
eg: I’ve bought a dozen pencils for my son.
I want four dozen eggs.
dozens of 許多
by the dozen 按打，以打計算 in dozens 成打地
2. head down to = head for向……進(jìn)發(fā)，動身
head 前往；朝向
eg: When I saw the car heading for me, I stepped aside.
Clouds are gathering. I think we’d better head for the hotel in case it starts to rain.
3. skillful: adj. 有技巧的；熟練的
搭配：be skillful /skilled with sth. = be skillful / skilled in / at doing sth.
eg. He is very skillful with the teaching job. = He is very skillful in / at teaching.
The young man is a skillful worker.
4. permission n. 許可，準(zhǔn)許，同意 permit n.通行證，許可證；vt.許可，容許(+doing / sb. to do sth.)
ask for permission請求許可
with one’s permission經(jīng)某人的許可
without permission未經(jīng)許可
eg. You can’t enter my room without my permission.
He can only go out to play with his mother’s permission.
5. familiar adj.熟悉的，通曉的，隨便的，非正式的
French was as familiar to him as English.他通曉法語就像通曉英語一樣。
I’m very familiar with your name.我很熟悉你的名字。
sth./sb.be familiar to sb.某物/某人為某人所熟悉；
sb.be familiar with sth./sb.某人熟悉某人/某物
6. center on/ upon / around集中/居中; 把某人/物當(dāng)作重點(diǎn)
eg: Their talks always center around politics. 他們的談話總是圍繞著政治。
The topic of the meeting centered on the development of China’s football in the following ten years.
concentrate on /upon 專注于
eg: 走鋼絲時，你要集中精力于身體在空中的移動方式。
When walking on a high wire, you should concentrate on the way your body moves in the air.
補(bǔ)充同義短語：
1).concentrate / focus /fix one’s attention / efforts / thoughts / energy on/ upon sth.
2).be absorbed in sth.專心于
7. delight n.
1). 欣喜,愉快[U]
To our delight, our football team won.令我們高興的是,我們的足球隊贏了。
She ran back home with delight.她興高采烈地跑回家。
2). 樂事,樂趣[C]
He enjoyed the delights of New York's night life.他喜歡紐約夜生活的樂趣。
vt. 使高興；使愉快
The clown delighted the audience.小丑逗樂了觀眾
delighted adj.高興的，快樂的
I'm delighted that you are back.你回來了,我很高興。
We were delighted to read your novel.我們很高興拜讀你的小說。
相關(guān)短語：be delighted at 因……而高興；
be delighted by/with sth.(sb.)喜歡某物（人）；
be delighted to do因做……而高興；
be delighted that...很高興……
to one’s delight 令某人高興的是-----
take delight in sth/ doing sth以-----為樂= delight to do sth. / delight in doing sth.
The old man delighted in doing little things for others.
He takes great delight in teaching his students.
本單元有用的短語
1. 一本暢銷書a best-seller 2. 做出結(jié)論draw a conclusion
3. 追尋蹤跡 keep track of 4. 突出，引人注目 stand out
5. 被診斷患有be diagnosed with 6. 考慮進(jìn)去，納入考慮的范圍 take into account
7. 三峽 the Tree Gorges 8. 創(chuàng)立紀(jì)錄set a record
9. 連續(xù)的 in a row 10. 確認(rèn)紀(jì)錄 confirm the record保護(hù)
11.公園管理部門the park administration 12. 極限運(yùn)動extreme sports
13.集中，專心致志于concentrate on 14. 青少年滑板愛好者 teenage skateboarder
15.抓住人們的心理capture people’s minds and hearts
16. 對…很熟悉 be familiar with sb. / sth. 17. 為某人所熟悉be familiar to sb.
18. 突然歡呼 burst into cheers/ burst out cheering 19. 寄送某處進(jìn)行處理 send in
20. 嘗試做attempt doing/ to do 21. 讓某人高興的是 to one’s delight
22. 對….小心謹(jǐn)慎 be cautious with 23. 寫下 set down
24. 被分類be put into categories 25. be fascinated by 被…迷住
26. be fascinated with迷上 27.首先；第一 in the first place
28. 把某人（某事物）當(dāng)作中心或重點(diǎn)center on / upon 29. 申請 apply for
30.向-----前進(jìn)head down to = head for
Reading comprehension:
Check the answers to the reading comprehension questions.
Paraphrases:
He was going the listen to a lecture,…
He was on his way to a lecture,… (page 91, paragraph 1, line 2)
Aksed him to tell him how to get to a place in the city.
Asked him for directions (page 91, paragraph 1, line 2)
Show the tourist around a place.
Show the tourist around (page 91, paragraph 1, line 4)
He was naturally very good at …
He as a gift for … (page 91, paragraph 1, line 6)
A part-time job which results in a full-time job, or interesting developments
A part-time job leading to greater things (page 91, paragraph 3, line 1)
Providing; on condition that
So long as (page 91, paragraph 3, line 2)
You can buy anything that you need if you have enough money.
You can buy whatever you need if you have enough money. (page 91, paragraph 3, line 3)
Learn how many hours’ work we have to do before buying something.
Learn how many hours’ work has to be done before we can buy something. (page 91, paragraph 3, line 5)
You have to learn when you should ask for help and when you should ask for information.
You have to learn when to ask for help and when to ask for information. (page 91, paragraph 4, line 4)
They regard highly someone who has an active way of life and is eager to learn.
They value someone who leads a active life and is anxious to learn. (page 92, paragraph 1, line 1)
Language points
Part-time jobs:
part-time teacher
part-time engineer
take a part-time job 打零工
Mr. Cook teaches part time in our school.
He was on his way to a lecture, when a tourist stopped him and asked him for directions.
ask for bread and be given a stone
求憐憫卻遇到鐵石心腸
ask for comment征求意見
ask for information 打聽消息
ask for instruction 請示
ask for it 討苦吃
ask for leave 請假
ask for trouble自找麻煩
They got on so well that Fred decided not to go to the lecture but to show the tourist around the university instead.
not…but…連接兩個并列的成分
The plan caused not prosperity but ruin.
這個計劃帶來的不是繁榮而是毀滅。
no one but (except) me 除我以外沒別人
all but 幾乎
The job is all but finished! 這工作差不多完成了！
用作加強(qiáng)語氣：
Get out of here but fast!立刻從這里滾出去!
They spent a full and very enjoyable morning together, and Fred discovered that he had a gift for making a visit interesting and lively.
She has a gift for music.
I have no gift for painting.
Mother has a gift for making guests feel at home.
He was a man of excellent gifts.
一詞多義：full adj.
1（與of連用）滿的；充滿的；裝滿的
a full train
The cup is full - it is full of milk.
Her eyes were full of tears.
That political statesman is full of ambition.
2 吃飽的；過飽的
I'm full (up).
3 完全的；最高度的
full speed
the full truth of the matter
They knew full well that he would certainly break his promise.
4 擁有全部權(quán)利的
Only full members are allowed to vote.
5 專心的
full of her own troubles
6 充實(shí)的
spend a full and enjoyable day
7（與of連用）充滿…感情的
full of excitement
8 圓鼓鼓的；豐滿的：
a full figure.
9 同父母生的：
full brothers/sisters.
It is a good idea to start a part-time job so long as it does not affect your studies.
I’ll lend it to you as long as you handle it with care.
You can stay as long as you like.
She lived abroad as long as five years.
區(qū)別：as long as與as far as
The research on this subject has been done as long as ten years.
The children walked as far as the lake.
as far as 就……而言
as far as I know 據(jù)我所知
as far as I’m concerned 就我個人而言
You will find that people will help you if you are ready to help them.
He is always ready enough to help us.
He was ready to believe her.
be ready to die for the country
在理解或反應(yīng)上迅速的：
a ready intelligence
a ready response
ready wit
available 現(xiàn)成可使用的：
ready money.
She is too ready with excuses.
她總是有借口。
He gave a ready answer to my question.
他對答如流。
They value someone who leads an active life and is anxious to learn.
You should value the advice of your teacher.
Don’t you see how they value your opinion?
We’d better value the friendship between us.
估價；定價
He valued the ring at .
You should learn the value of money, …
Most parents know the value of good education.
Your ideas have little value.
Your idea is of little value.
A newspaper might employ you if you have worked on a student magazine at university or at school.
to serve on a committee
a job on a newspaper
a nurse on the hospital staff.
Which side was he on in the game?
Lesson 62 LETTERS
Reading comprehension:
Check the answers to the reading comprehension questions.
Paraphrases:
I only work in the evenings.
I only work evenings. (page 93, letter 1, paragraph 2, line 2)
Occasionally, I notice that …
From time to time, I notice that… (page 93, letter 1, paragraph 2, line 3)
hides a piece of meat down inside the legs of his trousers.
puts a piece of meat down his trousers (page 93, letter 1, paragraph 2, line 3)
I think I’m in a difficult situation.
I think I’m in a difficult position. (page 93, letter 1, paragraph 3, line 1)
It would have been a good idea if I had told that workmate.
I should have told that workmate. (page 93, letter 1, paragraph 3, line 1)
What’s more, this man is a clever thief.
Besides, this man is a clever thief. (page 93, letter 2, paragraph 1, line 2)
The other staff may not trust you from then on.
The other people in the workplace may not trust you in future. (page 93, letter 2, paragraph 2, line 2)
They will think you tell the manager whatever you see and hear (like a spy).
They will think that you are the eyes and ears of the manager. (page 93, letter 2, paragraph 2, line 2)
You cannot lose/your situation cannot get worse.
You have nothing to lose. (page 93, letter 2, paragraph 3, line 2)
write to me and ask
write to me asking (page 94, letter 1, paragraph 1, line 1)
Possibly, the thief might put some meat in your bag and hope you will be caught and called a thief.
It is quite possible that the thief might put some meat in your bag, hoping you will be caught and called a thief. (page 93, letter 2, paragraph 4, line 1)
I am both surprised and annoyed that you haven’t done so already.
I’m rather surprised you haven’t done so already. (page 94, letter 1, paragraph 1, line 3)
It would have been correct for you to do this.
You should have done this. (page 94, letter 1, paragraph 1, line 4)
the correct things which must be done
the correct things to do (page 94, letter 1, paragraph 2, line 1)
Everyone in a work unit has the responsibility to report…
It is the duty of everyone in a work unit to report… (page 94, letter 1, paragraph 2, line 1)
Language points
It’s a part-time job, so I work only evenings.
I’ve got to work evenings.
I’m always at home evenings.
I work mornings/evenings/nights/Sundays.
Maybe I should have told that workmate I knew what he was doing.
I should have phoned Jack this morning, but I forgot.
He should have come before 2:30. It’s 3 o’clock now. We have to start.
It is quite possible that the thief might put some meat in your bag, hoping you will be caught and called a thief.
I telephoned him instead of writing a letter, hoping I would get n immediate answer.
The children reviewed their lessons in the classroom, reading, writing or listening to the tape.
The manager sat in his office, thinking how to stop stealing.
Putting on warm coat, they rushed out of the door.
Taking a taxi, we hurried to the airport.
There is no doubt about the correct thing to do.
There is no doubt about it.
There is no doubt about his advice.
There is little/not much doubt about what he said.
There is no doubt as to the truth of the story.
There can be no doubt as to their honesty.
There is no doubt that he is a thief.
There is little doubt that our team will win.
doubt v. 懷疑
I doubt the truth of the report.
I don’t doubt what he said.
I doubt whether/if he will come.
The manager might say you were the thief and call in the police.
Call the doctor in.
Call in a specialist.
The best thing you should do now I look for another job and hope that it will turn out better.
The party turned out a great success.
He turned out to be the best player on the team.
The cake turned out beautifully.
一、單元考點(diǎn)提示
1.單詞
by sea relate to share(v.) mark with long before turn to apart from tour (be)busy with ( be)determined to do sth. disobey key figure in peace oppose think up take up arms work on keep one’s promise with the purpose of
2.句型
You’d better(not)… Let’s …
You need to… What/How about…？
（I think）you should/ought to…
Shall we…？
I suggest（that）you…
Why not…？ Why don’t you…？
I will…
I have decided to /that…
I have (not)decided wh-clause / wh-word to…
I insist on /that…
3.語法
復(fù)習(xí)句子成分--賓語
復(fù)習(xí)句子成份--賓語補(bǔ)足語
二、考點(diǎn)精析與拓展
1.settle vt.定居，解決（事端，矛盾等）安排，決定
We have settled a party on Wednesday evening.
星期三晚上我們安排了一次聚會。
This medicine should settle your nerves.
這種藥會使你鎮(zhèn)靜下來。
They settled their quarrel in a friendly way.
他們用一種友好的方法解決了爭端。
2.make up 創(chuàng)造，編造，彌補(bǔ)，化妝，構(gòu)成，占有
John made up that joke about the talking dog.
約翰編了一個會講話的狗的笑話。
The number of the college students in the country makes up only 1%of the population.
這個國家的大學(xué)生的數(shù)量僅占人口的百分之一。
I have to make up the test I missed last week.
我上周沒考試，我必須補(bǔ)考。
John and Tom quarreled, but make up after a while.
約翰和湯姆吵架了，但一會兒就和好了。
由make構(gòu)成的其他短語：
make sense有意義 make faces/a face做鬼臉
be made of /from由……制成 be made into把……制成……
make it成功，達(dá)到目的 make out理解；勉強(qiáng)分辨出
make up one’s mind下定決心
3.keep…alive使……繼續(xù)有效存在/進(jìn)行
We must keep the good revolutionary traditions alive.
我們必須把好的革命傳統(tǒng)流傳下去。
How can we keep the fish alive?我們?nèi)绾问刽~活首？
拓展：keep+賓語+賓補(bǔ)(v.-ing/v. –ed/adj. / adv. / prep. phr)
I’m sorry for keeping you waiting all the afternoon.
很抱歉讓你等了一下午。
Keeping the door and windows closed all the time is not good for your health.
總是關(guān)著門窗對健康不利。
用keep構(gòu)成的常用短語：
keep an eye on 留神照看 keep body and soul together勉強(qiáng)生活
keep in touch with與……保持聯(lián)系
keep time/regular hours守時（有規(guī)律）
4.be of +adj. +抽象名詞表性質(zhì)、特征，其作用相當(dāng)于be + adj.
常用抽象名詞：use, value, interest, importance, education, quality等
This book is of no use( / useless).
這本書沒多大用處。
The young man is of good education( / well educated).
這位青年人受過良好的教育。
Customers don’t show any interest in goods that are of poor quality.
這位顧客對劣質(zhì)的商品不感興趣。
對比：be + of +具體名詞 表類屬，常用名詞：size, colour, age, shape等。
The two children are of an age / the same age.(= This child is as old as that one.)
這兩個孩子同歲。
All of these rooms are of a size.
所有的這些房子一樣大。
5.be related(to)和……有聯(lián)系，和……有關(guān)
The Dutch language is closely related to German.
荷蘭語和德語密切相關(guān)。
They are related to me by marriage.
靠婚姻關(guān)系他們和我有了聯(lián)系。
拓展：n. relation
(1)[u]關(guān)系，聯(lián)系（有時可加不定冠詞）
Doctors think there is a relation between smoking and lung cancer.
醫(yī)生們認(rèn)為肺癌與吸煙有關(guān)。
(2)（復(fù)數(shù)）（人與人或國家與國家之間的相互）關(guān)系
I have had business relations with h im. 我和他已有業(yè)務(wù)聯(lián)系。
(3)[c]親戚，表示特別親密的、友好的關(guān)系（relative親戚，單純的親戚關(guān)系；在法律上通用。在一般情況下多用relative）
My immediate relations are my parents.我的直系親屬是父母。
6.out of work失業(yè)
He was been out of work for over three months.
他已失業(yè)三個月了。
In recent years there has been an increase in the number of people out of work in that country.
近幾年那個國家的失業(yè)人數(shù)在增長。
拓展：be out of work = lose one’s work失業(yè)be in work在業(yè)，有工作
7.apart from(= besides/in addition to)除……之外（表示加上，否定句中與except通用）
The children hardly see anyone apart from their parents.
除父母外，孩子們幾乎看不到其他任何人。
Apart from them, I had no one to talk to.
除了他們，沒有人和我談話。
Apart from the price, the hat doesn’t suit me.
除了價格，這項(xiàng)帽子也不適合我戴。
對比：
except：將一個或幾個人或物從同一類或普通的種類中除外（表示減法），其后可接名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式（短語）或wh-從句。
except for：說明整個基本情況后，對細(xì)節(jié)加以糾正，其后一般接名詞。
except that：用來表示理由后細(xì)節(jié)，修正前面所說的情況，其后須接從句，可以與except for互換。
except when：除了……的時候
Everybody except John was able to answer it.
除約翰外每個人都能回答。
Your composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
( = Your composition is very good except that there are a few spelling mistakes.)
你的作文很好，只是有幾處拼寫錯誤。
I know nothing about him except that he comes from Africa.
除了他來自非洲之外我對他一無所知。
He goes to work every day except when he is ill.
除了生命以外他每天都去上班。
8.由way構(gòu)成的短語
way of life生活方式 all the way一路上，自始至終
any way無論如何
by the way 順便說 bay way of 通過……經(jīng)由
ways and means辦法
get in one’s way 妨礙 in a (one)way在某種程度上
in no way決不
lose one’s way迷路 way through 克服困難的途徑
under way在進(jìn)行中
way out出路 ways out of （擺脫困境等）的方法
on one’s way to在去……的途中
feel one’s way摸黑走，謹(jǐn)慎行事 make one’s own way取得成功，發(fā)跡
e.g. Tom will get used to the way of life in the U.S.A. soon.
湯姆很快就會習(xí)慣美國的生活方式的。
9.key figure關(guān)鍵人物
figure 指有影響力的人物。key原意為鑰匙，在此詞組中作定語，可譯作“關(guān)鍵的”。
figure 的復(fù)數(shù)形式是figures.
Public figures there welcomed the statement.
那里的公眾人物們都?xì)g迎這個聲明。
He became one of the leading figures in the country.
他成為這個國家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之一。
10.govern統(tǒng)治、管理，控制，左右，影響
He was unable to govern his temper.
他控制不住自己的脾氣。
Don’t be governed by what other people say.
不要被別人的話所左右。
The rise and fall of the sea is governed by the movements of the moon.
海水的潮起潮落是受月球運(yùn)動的影響。
11.on / upon(one’s )n./v.-ing一……就……
On his return to the lab, he set to work.
他一回到實(shí)驗(yàn)室，就開始工作。
On arriving in Paris, he was put into prison.
他一到巴黎就被捕入獄。
The students stood up on the entrance of the headmaster.
校長進(jìn)來時，學(xué)生們都起立。
12.play an important role in 在……方面起重要作用
Such strikes have played an important role in the development of the trade union movement.
此類罷工事件在工會運(yùn)動的發(fā)展中起了重要的作用。
For twenty years, Gandhi played an important role in working for equal right for Indians.
二十年里，甘地在為印度人爭取平等的權(quán)利的工作中起重要的作用。
同義詞組：play a part in…/play an important part in…
（1）v.目的是，打算給……用
The laws were designed to make life difficult for non-whites.
制定這些法律的目的在于使非白人的生活變得困難。
The room was designed for children.
這個房間打算給孩子們用。
The road was not designed for heavy trucks.
這條馬路不是為重型卡車設(shè)計的。
(2) n.圖案設(shè)計
The building is poor in design.這幢樓設(shè)計很差。
14.in prison([u])監(jiān)禁之中，prison 前不加冠詞，表示被監(jiān)禁的狀態(tài)
He has been in prison for three years.
他已坐牢三年了。
Law-breakers are put in prison.
犯法者被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。
對比：go to prison坐牢 break(out of )prison越獄
cast…into prison(put…in/into prison)把……關(guān)進(jìn)牢里（表動作）
類似短語：in school/go to school 求學(xué) in hospital/go to hospital住院/去看病
15.march v./n. 游行示威，行進(jìn)，行軍
She was very angry and marched out. 她很生氣，大步從屋里走了出去。
The soldiers marched on after a short rest.
短暫的休息之后，戰(zhàn)士們繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。
短語：a hunger march反饑餓游行 a forced march強(qiáng)行軍
on the march在行進(jìn)中 a long and difficult march一次長距離的艱難行軍
steal a march on/ upon(口語)偷襲（尤指以不正當(dāng)手段）
e.g. The two firms are trying hard to steal a march on the other.
這兩家公司正努力試圖比對方搶先一著。
16.be honoured as… 作為……而受到尊敬
He was honoured as a teacher.
他作為老師而受到人們的尊敬。
Gandhi returned to India in 1915 and was honoured as a hero.
19甘地回到印度，并且被尊為英雄。
拓展：v./ n honour-dishonour adj. Honourable-dishonourable（反義詞）
常用短語：show honour to 向某人表示敬意
a sense of honour廉恥心
an honoured guest貴賓
do honour to向……表示敬意，帶來榮譽(yù)
on/upon one’s honour以名譽(yù)擔(dān)保
pay/give honour to向……致敬
honour system無監(jiān)視的考試制度
in honour of…紀(jì)念……
with honour光榮地
for the honour of 為顧全……的榮譽(yù)
17.oppose v.（反義詞：support）反對，反抗
People there opposed their government.
那里的人們反對政府。
I oppose this plan because I think it is impractical.
我反對這項(xiàng)計劃，因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為它不切實(shí)際。
同義詞組：be opposed to / object to /be against
His father is very much opposed to her going abroad.他父親強(qiáng)烈反對她出國。
He objected to working on Sundays.
他反對星期日工作。
We are for peace and against war.
我們贊成和平，反對戰(zhàn)爭。
另：opposition n.（位置）面對，反對
the house in opposition to each other面對面的房子
find oneself in opposition to sb. on a question
發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在某問題上與某人意見相反。
18.possess v.擁有（東西，特性）
They asked him whether it is true that he had possessed two cars.
他們問他是否真的擁有兩輛小汽車。
He never possessed much money, but he is possessed of good health.
他從沒有過很多錢，但他總是很健康。
同義詞（組）：own/belong to/have/be possessed of
e.g. He owns a very good dictionary. = A very good dictionary belongs to him.
19.as follows 如下
He received a letter which read as follows.
他收到一封信，信文如下。
The game rules are as follows.
比賽的規(guī)劃如下所述。
His arguments are as follows.他的論點(diǎn)如下。
20.value vt.珍視，重視
I value his advice on how to study English well.
我很珍視他的關(guān)于如何學(xué)好英語的建議。
The may or valued public opinions.
市長很重視公眾的意見。
Gandhi valued ordinary people.
甘地很重視普通人。
三、精典名題導(dǎo)解
題1 （上海春招）
Mr . Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to some schools for poor children.
A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up
分析：B。此題考的是短語搭配：devote…to(doing)sth.
題2 （NMET 北京）
Tow middle-aged passengers fell into dead sda. , neither of them could swim.
A. In fact B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Naturally
分析：C。從所給情景可以判斷，她們都不會游泳，要填unfortunately.
題3 （NMET 2001）
It is generally believed that teaching is it is a science.
A. an art much as B. much an art as
C. as an art much as D. as much an art as
分析：D。在as(so)…as…中，第一個as是adv.，后接adj，第二個as后接句子。句意為“人們普遍相信，教學(xué)是一門科學(xué)，同樣是一門藝術(shù)”。
題4 （NMET 春招）
-It’s good idea. But who’s going to the plan?
-I think Tom and Grey will.
A. set aside B. carry out C. take in D. get through
分析：B。此題考查的是短語動詞的含義。A的意思是“擱置”；B的意思是“實(shí)施、實(shí)現(xiàn)或執(zhí)行”；C的意思是“吸收”；D的意思是“通過或完成”。
題5 The mother didn’t know was to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
A. who B. when C. how D. what
分析：A。根據(jù)句意，空白處應(yīng)填指人的who, who與to blame構(gòu)成邏輯上的“動賓”關(guān)系。全句意為：由于打破玻璃（杯）的事是母親不在家時發(fā)生的，所以她（母親）不知道該責(zé)備誰打破了破璃（杯）。
題6 （NMET 北京）
The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to .
A. make it out B. make it off C. make it up D. make it over
分析：A。make it out發(fā)現(xiàn)真相，因?yàn)槭艿矫曰螅栽噲D發(fā)現(xiàn)真相。
題7 （NMET 2002）
The taxi driver often reminds passengers to their belongings when they leave the car.
A. keep B. catch C. hold D. take
分析：D。take拿走，句意為：乘客下車時要把東西帶走。
題8 （NMET 2001 北京）
-Why haven’t you bought any butter?
-I to but I forgot about it.
A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected
分析：C。從提供的情景分析，是打算買而沒買，應(yīng)用meant。
題9 （NMET 2001 北京）
Have a good rest. You need to your energy for the tennis match this afternoon.
A. leave B. save C. hold D. get
分析：B。save此為“儲存，積攢”之意。
為愛犧牲（1）。
一元八角七分。全都在這兒了。其中六角是一分一分的銅板。這些一分分的錢是從雜貨店老板、菜販子和肉店老板那兒軟硬兼施地一分兩分地扣下來的，直弄得自己羞愧難當(dāng)。德拉反復(fù)數(shù)了三次，還是一元八角七分，而第二天就是圣誕節(jié)了。德拉哭泣著。
他們住在一套帶家具的公寓里，每周房租八美元。這是一個破爛不堪的地方。樓下的門道里有個信箱，可從來沒有裝過信。還有一個電鈴，也從來沒有響過，緊挨著它有一張名片，上寫著“詹姆斯.迪林厄姆.楊先生”。
德拉哭完之后，往面頰上抹了抹粉。她站在窗前，癡癡地看著灰蒙蒙的后院里一只灰白色的貓正行走在灰白色的籬笆上。明天就是圣誕節(jié)，她只有一元八角七分給吉姆買一份禮物。她花去好幾個月的時間，盡了最大的努力一分一分地積攢下來，才得到這樣一個結(jié)果。一周二十美元實(shí)在經(jīng)不起花。支出遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于預(yù)算，總是如此。只有一元八角七分給吉姆買禮物，她的吉姆啊。她花費(fèi)了多少幸福的時日籌劃著要送他一件可心的禮物，一件精致、珍奇的禮物--至少應(yīng)有點(diǎn)兒配得上吉姆所擁有的聲譽(yù)才成啊。
現(xiàn)在，詹姆斯.迪林厄姆.楊夫婦倆有兩件特別引以自豪的東西。一件是吉姆的金表，是他祖父傳給父親，父親又傳給他的傳家寶；另一件則是德拉的秀發(fā)。
突然，德拉走到鏡子前面。她兩眼晶瑩透亮，但二十秒鐘之類她的臉上失去了光彩。她迅速地拆散頭發(fā)，使之完全披散開來。此時此刻，德拉的秀發(fā)潑散在她的肩膀周圍，微波起伏，閃耀光芒，有如那褐色的瀑布。她的美發(fā)長及膝下，仿佛是她的一件長袍。接著，她又趕緊把頭發(fā)梳好。躊躇了一分鐘，她一動不動地立在那里，破舊的紅地毯濺落了一兩滴眼淚。
她穿上那件褐色的舊外衣，帶上褐色的舊帽子，跑出房門，下樓來到街上。她看了幾家理發(fā)店，最后在一塊招牌前停下來，上寫著：“索弗羅尼夫人，專營各式頭發(fā)?！暗吕忌蠘翘?。
“你要買我的頭發(fā)嗎？”德拉問?！拔屹I頭發(fā)，”夫人說?！罢裘弊?，讓我看看頭發(fā)。”那褐色的瀑布潑撒了下來。“二十美元，”夫人一邊說，一邊內(nèi)行似的抓起頭發(fā)。“快給我錢，”德拉說。接下來的兩個小時，她徹底搜尋各家店鋪，為吉姆買禮物。
她終于找到了。那準(zhǔn)是專為吉姆特制的，決非為別人。在其他各家商店你，哪兒也沒有這樣的東西，她把里面的東西都拿了出來。那是一條金表鏈，而且它正配得上那只金表。她一見這條表鏈，就知道一定屬于吉姆所有。它對吉姆來說太合適了。她花去二十一美元買下了，匆匆趕回家，只剩下八角七分錢。金表很匹配這條鏈子，無論在任何場合，吉姆都可以毫無愧色地看時間了。
德拉回家之后，立即著手修補(bǔ)她的頭發(fā)。不出四十分鐘，她的頭上布滿了緊貼頭皮的一綹綹小卷發(fā)，使她看上去活像個小女學(xué)生。她在鏡子前照了很長時間。“假如吉姆看我一眼不把我宰掉的話，”她自言自語，“他一定會說我像個科尼島上合唱隊的賣唱姑娘。但是我能怎么辦呢--唉！只有一元八角七分，我能干什么呢？”
為愛犧牲（2）。
七點(diǎn)鐘，她煮好咖啡，把煎鍋置于熱爐上，隨時都可做晚餐。吉姆一貫準(zhǔn)時回家。德拉將表鏈對疊握在手心，坐在離門最近的桌子角上。當(dāng)她聽見下面樓梯上響起了他的腳步聲，她的臉上失去了片刻的血色。她習(xí)慣于為了最簡單的日常事物而默默祈禱，此刻，她悄聲道：“求求上帝，讓他覺得我還是漂亮的吧?！?/p>
門開了，吉姆走進(jìn)來并隨手關(guān)上了門。他顯得瘦削而又非常嚴(yán)肅。可憐的人兒，他才二十二歲，就挑起了家庭重?fù)?dān)！他需要買件新大衣，連手套也沒有呀。
吉姆站在屋里的門口邊，兩眼固定在德拉身上，其表情使她無法理解，令她毛骨悚然。既不是憤怒，也不是驚訝，又不是不滿，更不是嫌惡，根本不是她所預(yù)料的任何一種神情。他僅僅是面帶這種神情死死的盯著德拉。
德拉起身，向他走過去。“吉姆，親愛的，”她喊道，“別那樣盯著我。我把頭發(fā)剪掉賣了，因?yàn)椴凰湍阋患Y物，我無法過圣誕節(jié)。頭發(fā)會再長起來--你不會介意，是嗎？我非這么做不可。我的頭發(fā)長得快極了。說‘圣誕快樂’吧！吉姆，讓我們快快樂樂的。你肯定猜不著我給你買了一件多么好的--多么美麗、精致的禮物啊！”
“你已經(jīng)把頭發(fā)剪掉了？”吉姆問道?！凹舻糍u了，”德拉說?！安还茉趺凑f，你不也同樣喜歡我嗎？沒了頭發(fā)，我還是我嘛，對嗎？”吉姆四下望望這房間?！澳阏f你的頭發(fā)沒有了嗎？”他問道?！皠e找了，”德拉說“告訴你，我已經(jīng)賣了--賣掉了，沒有啦。這是圣誕前夜，好人兒。好好待我，這完全是由于對你的愛呀。我可以擺晚餐了嗎，吉姆？”
吉姆好像醒了。他把德拉緊緊摟在懷里。吉姆從大衣口袋里掏出一個小包，扔在桌上。“別對我產(chǎn)生誤會，德拉”他說道，“無論剪發(fā)還是修面，我都以為世上沒有什么東西能減少一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)我對妻子的愛情。如果我剃掉胡須，你會停止對我的愛嗎？不會，但是你只消打開那包東西，就會明白剛才為什么使我愣頭愣腦了?！?/p>
吉姆非但不按她的吩咐行事，反而倒在睡椅上，兩手枕在頭下，微微發(fā)笑。“德拉，’他說，“讓我們把圣誕禮物放在一邊保存一會兒吧。它們實(shí)在太好了，目前尚不宜用。我賣掉金表，換錢為你買了發(fā)梳?，F(xiàn)在，讓我們忘掉這件事，吃晚飯，好嗎？”
I. Brief Statements Based on the Unit
The activities of this unit, including Warming-up, Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing, center on the subject－news and the media, which are connected with our life closely. It provides the students an opportunity to learn the language in using it.
By talking about news and the media, the students get more knowledge about them－not only know about the important parts they play in learning about the world, but also the ways they are written and made. The students must be very interested in this subject. This way, they can learn the language points easily and freely. They will not only learn some useful words and phrases about news and the media, but also learn to express opinions.
Besides, the study of the Grammar－the Past Participle can help the students use the language more exactly. By finishing each task provided in the textbook and the workbook, the students' skills to use language can be well developed.
Ⅱ. Teaching Goals
1. Talk about news and the media.
2. Practise expressing opinions.
3. Learn about the Past Participle (1): used as Attribute and Predicative.
4. Write a comparison paragraph.
Ⅲ. Teaching Time: Four periods
IV. Background Information
1. RADIO
In ancient times the only way that men could send messages from village to village was on foot. When men learned to use the horse, communication became much quicker. However, compared to the modern world communication was still quite slow. Many parts of the world had no knowledge of events in other places. Later, the post was introduced and horse riders carried letters. This meant that communication was further improved. Horses drawn coaches could move people from town to town in quite a comfortable way. At the beginning of the last century the steam train was invented and for the first time really fast communication became possible. Not only could letters be sent easily from one part of a country to another, but travel was made easy, too. At about the same time, steam ships helped communication between countries.
The invention of the telegraph in the middle of the last century further increased the speed at which messages could be sent. In this system electrical signals, in code, are sent along metal wires. These signals travel so fast that they could go nearly eight times round the world in one second. A special device is needed to send the code. At the other end another device is used in order to receive the code. By this method messages can be sent over distances of several hundred kilometres. With the invention of the telephone the human voice could be sent over long distances. Because of this the telephone system replaced the telegraph for quick communication over long distances. The telegraph is still used, however, by newspapers in order to send news and for other purposes too.
At the beginning of this century radio was invented and in a few years communication was again improved. The main difference between radio and telephone is that radio uses no electrical signals which travel long distances along wires. Instead invisible waves, moving at the same speed as electrical signals, are used. A few years ago there were not many radio stations in the world. Today there are many hundreds of radio stations broadcasting in different languages and in all countries. The invisible radio waves can easily travel from one country to another. This means that listeners in one country can listen to programmes broadcast from another country. In this way information travels from country to country. Radio is often used by policemen to communicate with one another. In addition, police forces in one country can communicate with those in other countries in order to catch criminals. Ships at sea use radio so that they know exactly where they are. Aeroplanes use radio for the same reason and this makes it easier for them to find their way from place to place.
In the modern world there are many methods of communication. As well as radio there is television, for example. This enables information in the form of a picture to be broadcast from one place to another. Radio is often used as part of a telegraph system where distances are very large. Of the many modern methods of communication, radio probably remains the most important.
2. How the Program Is Broadcast?
We turn on the radio and a program comes to us from a broadcasting station miles and miles away. We know that words and music themselves haven’t traveled all that distance through space, but something certainly is bringing the program from the station. What is this silent carrier?
The answer is radio waves. We can not see radio waves or feel them or even hear them. In fact, nobody knows exactly what they are. But we do know that they are made by electricity, and we have learned how to use them.
At the broadcasting station people talk or sing, instruments (樂器) play, doors slam(砰) ,and all of these make sound waves. The sound waves reach the microphone, and here they are changed into electricity. Then from a tall tower called the broadcasting aerial (天線) ,electricity sends radio waves. The waves travel in every direction, and some of them reach our radio aerial. Now a wonderful thing happens. The radio waves start an electricity current (電流) in our aerial like the one that was first made in the broadcasting station. Finally, the loudspeaker in our set changes electricity into sound, and we hear the program.
The First Period
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn and master the following words and phrases:
media, reliable, fire, face, difficulty, elect, go up, burn down, injure
2. Practise expressing opinion using the following:
What do you think of…?
What's your opinion?
Why do you choose…?
Perhaps…is more important.
I would rather choose.…
I don't think we should choose…
Maybe it would be better to choose…
Our readers want to know about…
3. Talk about news and the media.
4. Train the students' listening and speaking abilities.
Teaching Important Points:
1. Master the useful words and expressions appearing in this period.
2. Train the students' listening and speaking abilities by talking about news and the media.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1. How to help the students understand the listening material exactly.
2. How to help the students finish the task of speaking.
Teaching Methods:
1. Listening-and-answering activity to help the students go through the listening material.
2. Individual, pair or group work to make the students finish each task.
Teaching Aids:
1. a tape recorder
2. a projector
3. the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step I Greetings and Lead-in
T: Good morning/afternoon, class.
Ss: Good morning/afternoon, Miss/ Mr. X.
T: Sit down, please. Being the members of the society, we all cares for/about what happens around us or even what happens at home and abroad. How can you do so?
Ss: By reading newspapers and magazines, watching TV programmes, listening to the radio.
T: Are there any other ways? Think it over.
Ss: By a website.
T: Yes. It’s also a way to learn about the world. What do you call these things which help us know about to the world?
Ss:新聞媒體
T: In English, we call it news media. Today we'll begin to learn Unit 2 News media (Bb: Unit 2 News media). First, let's learn the new words in this period. Look at the screen.
(Teacher first asks some students to read the words on the screen. Correct the Ss' mistakes in prononciation. Then teacher gives brief explanations. At last, let the Ss read and remember them for a while.)
Step Ⅱ Warming up
T: Well, now please open your books at Page 9. Warming up first. Look at each of the pictures and tell me which kind of news media it shows?
Ss: The first picture shows a website; the second one shows radio; the third one shows TV programmes; the fourth one shows magazines; the fifth one shows newspapers.
T: Quite right! Now, please work in groups of four and discuss the five questions below the pictures. A few minutes later, I’ll cotleet your answers. OK?
Ss: OK.
T: You can begin now.
(A few minutes later. )
T: Are you ready now?
Ss: Yes.
T: Which group would like to talk about the first question? Choose one member of your group to answer the question.
S1: I think TV is the most reliable among the news media. TV consists of a series of lively consecutive pictures. For the people who want to know what is exactly happening, a picture responds better to offer the truth of a fact than the mere words upon a page. It can offer an unique function of seemingly on-the-spot feeling, which is not available to the other media.
T: The second question?
S2. I think TV programmes are easy for most people to understand. Radio, can only be heard and sometimes can’t be picked up clearly. Newspapers and magazines are only useful for people who can read. Websites have many different pages, but you should be careful to read some of the pages. who can read. Website have many different pages, but you should be careful to read some of the pages.
T: The third question?
S3 : I will check other sources.
T: The fourth question?
S4: Every morning, the newspaper chief editor and the journalists discuss the main events of the day. Reporters are then sent to cover the events. They usually do some interviews and then check the information. They must work very fast. Later in the day, everything is put together at the news desk. Then the editors read the stories and make any necessary changes and choose a good title for each story. At last, they print them quickly and deliver them. Making a magazine is more or less the same as making a newspaper. But the articles in a magazine are more like stories, which are written by all kinds of writers. Magazines are not published as quickly as newspapers.
T: The last question?
Ss: News broadcast, newspaper, magazine, radio programme, website, report, reporter, editor, interview, write articles…
Step Ⅲ Listening
T: Next, let's come to the Listening. We are going to listen to two parts of conversations. The first part is an interview; the second part is a dialogue. Now, look at Exercise 1: Listen carefully to what is said and tick the information you hear in each part. If necessary, I'll play it twice. (Teacher begins to play the tape, and checks the answers after listening. Then ask the students to finish the rest of the tasks. )
T: OK. Now, please listen to each part once again and then work in pairs to talk about the questions in Exercises 2,3,4 and 5. Are you clear?
Ss: Yes.
(Teacher allows them enough time to talk about the questions. Then ask some students to say their answers.)
Step IV Speaking
T: Well, now it's time for us to be the editors of a newspaper. Here is a list of ten things that happened today. Look at the screen. (Teacher shows the screen and read through the list to the whole class.)
200 people died in an earthquake in Turkey.
China beat Brazil 5-1 in football.
France elected a new President.
Three children from your city were killed.
Someone robbed a bank in Shanghai.
Food prices are going up.
A house in your town burned down. Nobody was injured.
2 000 people in your city were happy today and moved into new buildings.
A Chinese scientist has invented a new car engine that does not pollute the air.
There is a rumour that a large company wants to build a factory in your town:
(Bb :go up, burn down)
T: Now, you've known the ten things, but you only need to report five of them. So, first decide which events you are going to put in your newspaper. Then give reasons for your choices and compare with your classmates. Work in groups of four or five. And the following expressions on the screen can help you with your dialogue. After a while, I'll ask some of you to act out your dialogue.
(Teacher shows the screen. )
What do you think of'…?
I would rather choose.…
What's your opinion?
I don't think we should choose…
Why do you choose…
Maybe it would be better to choose…
Perhaps… is more important.
Our readers want to know about….
(Teacher goes around the Ss and checks their work. If necessary, teacher may join in them. ) Sample dialogue:
A: Hello! How is everything going? Have you finished your work?
B: I'm very busy today. I've chosen five events among ten things that happened today to report in our newspaper. But I'm not sure whether I made the best choices. I need your advice.
C: Tell us more about your choices.
B: The first event I chose is “France elected a new President”. It is an important event these days. I think it may have a great effect on international affairs. The second is “There is a rumour that a large company wants to build a factory in our town.” What is your opinion?
A: I agree with your first choice, but why do you choose the second one? We should report something true to our readers, not rumours. Maybe it would be better to choose “A Chinese scientist has invented a new car engine that does not pollute the air.” It shows our country's science advancement.
B: Good idea. Then I'd rather choose “2 000 people in our city were happy today and moved into new buildings. “ and” China beat Brazil 5-1 in football. “They are both exciting news. They also reflect the improvement of people's life and the achievement in sports.
D: I think you made a good choice. What about the fifth one? Have you decided yet?
B: I think two events are suitable. I really don't know which is more important. It is hard to choose. They are “Food prices are going up. “ and ”200 people died in an earthquake in Turkey.”
D: Perhaps the former is more important. Our readers want to know more about their life. And this thing is related to everybody's life.
B: It sound reasonable. Let's think them over. Thank you for your advice.
Step V Summary and Homework
T: Up to now, we've talked a lot about news media. By listening and speaking, we've become more familiar with news media. At the same time, we've learnt some useful words and phrases. You should remember them and practise using them freely and exactly. After class, please collect more information about news media and talk about them with your classmates. Besides, don't forget to preview the contents of the next period. So much for today. See you tomorrow V
Ss: See you tomorrow.
Step VI The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 2 News media
The First Period
I : Five news media
website, radio, TV programme, magazine, newspaper
Ⅱ. Useful words and phrases
words., reliable, fire, face, difficulty, elect, injure
phrases., go up, burn down
Step Ⅶ Record after Teaching
高三新教材內(nèi)容目錄
Unit Topic Functional Items Structure Reading Writing
Unit 1 That must be a record! Records, adventures & hobbies Measuring & comparing Review the Subject The Guinness Book of World Records
Are you Xperienced? A from
Unit 2 Crossing limits Exploration Judging situations & making decisions Review the Predicate Reaching out across the ocean
Going high: the pioneers of the third pole A persuasive essay
Unit 3 The land down under Australia Expressing prohibitions and warnings Review the Predictative The portrait of a nation
Australia A description of animals
Unit Green worlds Botany Expressing procedures Review the Object The birth of a science
Wildlife and garden roses A description of plants
Unit 5 Getting the message Advertising & advertisements Making complaints
Expressing emotions
Expressing & evaluating different views Review the Object Complement Advertising
Words that sell An advertisement
Unit 6 Going West Perseverance & success Talking about ability Review the Attribute Going west
Heroes of north A story
Unit 7 A Christmas Carol Literature: Drama Talking about attitudes and motivation
Giving advice Review the Adverbial A Christmas Carol A play review
Unit 8 Learning a foreign language Learning skills Talking about attitudes and motivation
Giving advice Review the Subjunctive Mood (1) Learning a foreign language: twice as hard?
Studying abroad A personal essay
Unit 9 Health care Health care Talking about society & values
Expressing opinions Review the Subjunctive Mood (2) A helping hand
The little mould that could An article for a journal
Unit 10 American literature American Literature Predicting & describing a story Review all the verb tenses A sacrifice for love A book review
Unit 11 Key to success Social behaviour & relations Talking about teamwork and success Integrative language practice Making the team work A letter
Unit 12. Education Education Talking about study methods and styles
Making comparisons Integrative language practice Education for all
How we learn An essay
Unit 13. The mystery of the Moonstone Literature Talking about mysteries
Giving advice Integrative language practice The Moonstone
Solving the mystery of the Moonstone A letter
Unit 14 Zoology Zoology Debating Integrative language practice The language of honey-bees
Monkey business An argumentative essay
Unit 15 Popular youth culture Youth Culture Talking about youth culture and interests of young people Integrative language practice Young volunteers
Denim jeans A report
Unit 16 Finding jobs Jobs & career Talking about likes & dislikes
Expressing wishes & expectations Integrative language practice Football: a good career choice?
Why do you think you would be good at this job? A personal statement
（SB3-units21-22）
一、單元考點(diǎn)提示
1.單詞
step into take one’s place pick out build up divide up wealthy go through look into turn up check out to the point care for surround to one’s astonishment exact recover one after another tell apart set up come to light
2.句型
I / He /She /can /may… It is possible that…
I/ He /She may not… He/ She is not likely to…
It is likely that… I am not likely to…
You can’t / musn’t… Don’t smoke. Look out!
If you…, you’ll… Don’t be late Take care!
You’d better(not)do it. Be careful. No noise, please!
3.語法
復(fù)習(xí)和歸納句子成分--定語
復(fù)習(xí)定語從句和同位語從句的用法
二、考點(diǎn)精析與拓展
1.leave sth. to sb.（在死后）將……留給某人；請某人負(fù)責(zé)某事
His aunt left all her property to him after her death.
他姑姑死后將所有財產(chǎn)都留給他了。
I’ll leave it to you to buy the tickets.我委托你負(fù)責(zé)買票。
2.in one’s will在某人的遺囑中
will作為名詞使用時意為“遺囑”“意志力”或“強(qiáng)烈的愿望”。
Her death is god’s will, I suppose.
她的逝世是上帝的旨意，我估計。
His strong will enables him to refuse all the worldly pleaseres.
他的強(qiáng)烈愿望使他可以拒絕世間所有的樂趣。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
3.by one’s first marriage 通過或由于某人的第一次婚姻
介詞by有許多含義，在此處意為“通過”，相當(dāng)于through。
He left by the first train.
他乘第一次列車離開了。
The electricity supply is operated by a switch.供電由一個開關(guān)控制。
4.check out清點(diǎn)；結(jié)賬；核實(shí)；檢查；開票提款
Ask him to check the information out for us.請他為我們核實(shí)一下信息。
We’d better check the whole room out in case it has been bugged .
我們最好檢查一下整個房間以免有蛀蟲。
The trainees checked out all right.
這些培訓(xùn)學(xué)員完全合格。
She checked out 6000 dollars.她提款6000美元。
5.for a start/to start with首先，第一點(diǎn)
You have no right to be here, to start with.
首先，你無權(quán)在此。
It won’t work：for a start, we don’t have so much money and secondly we cannot get the permission.
那不行，首先我們沒那么多錢，其次我們不能被批準(zhǔn)。
6.go through 瀏覽；經(jīng)歷；歷經(jīng)
He went through several houses, but haven’t bought one yet.
他看了好幾套房子，但一套還沒買。
The country has gone through too many wars.這個國家已經(jīng)歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭。
The plan must go through several stages.
這個計劃必須經(jīng)歷幾個過程。
拓展：go through with完成
He hasn’t gone through with his composition yet.
他還沒寫完作文。
7.be present at 出席
How many people were present at the meeting?多少人出席了會議？
拓展：present(1)n.禮物
What present do you want for Christmas this year?
今年圣誕節(jié)你想要什么禮物？
(2)v.贈予
Now that the sports meet is over, our principal will present the prize.
既然運(yùn)動會已結(jié)束，我們校長將頒獎。
(3)adj.現(xiàn)在的，目前的
I’m not going to buy a car at the present high prices.
以目前的高價，我不打算買小汽車了。
(4)presently(adv.) = soon
She will be here presently.
她不久就會來。
(5)常用短語：
at the present time = at present目前，現(xiàn)在
for the present暫時
8.pass…(to…)將……遞給，傳達(dá)
Please pass me the bread and butter.
請遞給我面包奶油。
Pass the word to him that Napolean will come himself.
把拿破侖要親自來的消息告訴他。
拓展：（1）vi.走過，通過
Because of the large crowd in the street the truck was unable to pass.
因?yàn)榇蠼稚先撕芏啵ㄜ嚐o法通過。
(2)n.通行證
Nobody can go into the hall without a pass.
沒有通行證，任何人不準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入大廳。
9.pick out認(rèn)出；顯眼；挑選
Can you pick out your brother in the crowd?
你能在人群中認(rèn)出你弟弟嗎?
The houses in the painting picked out in white.
畫上的房子以白色而顯得醒目。
It’s so beautiful！How did you pick it out?
這么漂亮！你是怎么挑出來的？
10.troop n./v.
（1）n. 一群，大量，許我troops軍隊，部隊
A troop of school children went into the museum.
一大群學(xué)生走進(jìn)了博物館。
The local people demand the withdrawal（撤退）of foreign troops.
當(dāng)?shù)氐娜藗円蟪吠送鈬婈牎?/p>
(2)vi.集合，群集；成群涌向，結(jié)隊而行
The students trooped up on the sports ground.
學(xué)生們在操場上集合。
We all trooped into/out of the hall.
我們成群地進(jìn)入/走出禮堂。
11.fly
(1)vt.飛躍 +地點(diǎn)或距離作賓語：駕駛（飛機(jī)）；（用飛機(jī)）運(yùn)送；放（風(fēng)箏）
fly the Atlantic / the English Channe/ a distance of km
飛躍大西洋/英吉利海峽/2000公里的距離
Supplies of food have been flown to the refugees.
補(bǔ)給的糧食空運(yùn)給那些難民。
The children are flying their kites.
孩子們在放風(fēng)箏。
(2)vi.飛，飛行，飛跑
Time flies like an arrow. 光陰似箭。
The little girl flew to her grandmother.
這女孩向她奶奶飛跑過去。
(3)n.蒼蠅
butter（奶油）+fly（蒼蠅）=butterfly（蝴蝶）
dragon（龍）+fly（蒼蠅）=dragonfly（蜻蜓）
fire（火）+fly（蒼蠅）= firefly（螢火蟲）（=lighting-bug,美語）
municate v.
（1）vt.傳達(dá)，傳送，傳染
communicate information/feelings/news…to sb.把信息、感情、消息……傳遞/傳達(dá)給某人
I’ll communicate the news to you directly.
我會直接把消息傳達(dá)給你。
(2)vi.通訊，通話
communicate with sb.(by)用……與某人聯(lián)絡(luò)/溝通
We communicate with each other by telephone/letter.
我們用電話/信件彼此溝通。
拓展：communication n.[u]通訊[c]消息pl.通訊系統(tǒng)
Radio and television are important means of communication.
收音機(jī)和電視機(jī)是信息交流的重要工具。
Communications satellite helps the human a lot in many ways .
通訊衛(wèi)星在很多方面對人類有很大的幫助。
13.beeline n.兩地之間的直線；捷徑（指蜜蜂采蜜后徑直飛向蜂房，這條路叫beeline）
（1）make a beeline for sb./sp.走近路；走直路；向……直行
As soon as the meeting was over, he made a beeline for the pub.
會議一結(jié)束，他就直接上了酒吧。
If you want to catch up with them, you’d better make a beeline for them.
如果你想趕上他們，你最好抄近路去。
（2）in a beeline 成直線地，筆直地
The pupils went to the museum in a beeline.
孩子們直接走向博物館。
e to light 發(fā)現(xiàn)，暴露（= be discovered / exposed /found out / be brought to light）
Much more new evidence has come to light(has been discovered/has been exposed/has been brought to light),so the judges have to sentence the man to death.
新的證據(jù)不斷被發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以法官們不得不判這個人死刑。
When the old woman died, it came to light that she was actually very rich.
老太婆死后，人們才發(fā)現(xiàn)她其實(shí)很富有。
15.be different from與……不同
Your idea is different from mine.
你的想法和我的不同。
對比：make sb./ sth. different from使某人/某物不同于……
Her special accent makes her different from others.
她特殊的口音使她與眾不同。
16.one after another一個一個地，表示數(shù)量多并連續(xù)出現(xiàn)
School was over and students went out of the school gate one after another.
放學(xué)了，學(xué)生們一個接一個地走出校門。
對比：one by one表示按順序逐個進(jìn)行或出現(xiàn)
Don’t hurry! You should enter the office one by one.
不要著急，你們應(yīng)該一個個地走進(jìn)辦公室。
拓展：by and by一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地，逐漸地 little by little一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地
step by step 一步一步地，循序漸進(jìn)地
17.amaze vt.使……驚奇 = astonish, surprise
The news amazed us greatly.這條消息使我們感到很驚奇。
拓展：（1）amazed人對……感到吃驚的；amazing（某物）……信人吃驚的。
They were all amazed at the amazing news.
聽到這個令人吃驚的消息他們感到驚訝。
(2)amazement n.
to one’s amazement令人吃驚的是
To my amazement, they have gone to Xishuangbanna.
讓我奇怪的是，他們?nèi)ノ麟p版納了。
類似短語：to one’s happiness/excitement/sadness/puzzlement
使某人高興的/興奮的/傷心的/迷惑的是
18.the more…,the more… 越……就越……
The harder you study, the more progress you’ll make.
越努力學(xué)習(xí)，你的進(jìn)步就越大。
對比：more and more… 越來越……
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
我們的校園變得越來越美麗了。
19.again and again = time and time again = over and over = over and over again再三地
The old man thinks of his happy past again and again.
這位老人再三地想起他幸福的過去。
三、精典名題導(dǎo)解
題1 （NMET ）
As we joined the big crowd. I got from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
分析：A。get separated from sb.和某人分開。
題2（NMET 北京）
-How are the team playing?
-They’re playing well, but one of them hurt.
A. got B. gets C. are D. were
分析：A。got hurt意為“受傷”。get后接過去分詞表示被動，受傷的事發(fā)生在過去，要用一般過去時。
題3 （2002 上海春季）
It long before we the result of the experiment.
A. will not be; will know B. will not be; knew
C. will not be; know D. is; know
分析：C。It will not be long是主句，意為不久；在before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。
題4 （NMET 2001北京）
at the door before entering, please.
A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock
分析：D。這是一個祈使句，要用動詞原形。
題5 （，北京春）
We’re living in an age many things are done on computer.
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
分析：D。此題考查定語從句要填入的引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)該在從句中作時間狀語，故用when.
題6 （2002 上海，35）
There is a feeling in me we’ll never know what a UFO-not ever.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
分析：A。根據(jù)句意“我有一種感覺--我們永遠(yuǎn)不會知道UFO是什么，而不是曾經(jīng)（不知道）?！眛hat引導(dǎo)的同位語從句解釋feeling的內(nèi)容。
題7 （2003 上海）
It is believed that if a book is , it will surely the reader.
A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested
C. interested; interesting D. interesting; interest
分析：D。interesting有趣的；interest vt.使……感到有趣。
題8 （2003 上海春）
It was because of bad weather the football match had to be put off.
A. so B. so that C. why D. that
分析：D。這是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句，對because of bad weather進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that(who)…
題9 （2001 上海春）
It was for this reason her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in small village.
A. which B. why C. that D. how
分析：C。這是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句for this reason進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，其明顯標(biāo)志是介詞for.
Teaching plan
By: Xi Yuling Class: Class8, Senior III
Date: Sept. 15th Topic: Unit3 Integrating Skills
Teaching aims and demands:
1) To improve the Ss’ ability of reading comprehension.
2) To enable the Ss to know something about Australia.
3) To enable their ability of finding out main ideas and writing.
Teaching aids:
Multi-media computer and a tape recorder
Teaching procedures:
Step 1 Revision.
1. Ask the Ss to translate some useful phrases orally.
1.由……組成 2.被……所環(huán)繞
3.座落于…… 4.一顆七個角的星
5.創(chuàng)造了復(fù)雜的社會關(guān)系
6.聲稱某物歸某人所有
7.使某人做某事成為不可能
8.對……有害 9.結(jié)果
10.對……有影響 11.忍受
12.把……轉(zhuǎn)變成…… 13.從……中獲益
14.強(qiáng)化權(quán)力 15.與……不同
2. Ask the Ss to revise some information about Australia by filling the blanks.
1. Australia consists of six____________ and two ______________.
2. It is surrounded by the________ _________ and the ________ ___________.
3. The national flag shows __________________________________.
4._________ and _________ _________ __________first came to the continent.
5. It was formed in _______. 6. ________ is its official language.
7. After the World Wars, Australians benefited from _____________, and people from about _______ countries moved there.
8. Its English is different in ___________ from American English and British English.
9. _______ is its most famous city. 10. Its capital is ________.
Step 2 Fast reading
Allow the Ss a few minutes to read the passage and try to answer some questions.
1. How many kinds animals are mentioned in the text?
2. Which country is the larger one, America or Australia? How do you know?
3. Why is there a long fence across Australia?
4. How about its climate?
5. What do many Australians do at weekends?
Step 3 Careful reading
Ask the Ss to read the passage carefully and try to find out some detailed information.
Animals: __________________________________________________________
Distance: __________________________________________________________
Size: __________________________________________________________
Population: ________________________________________________________
Agriculture: _______________________________________________________
Natural resources: __________________________________________________
Climate: __________________________________________________________
Sports: ___________________________________________________________
Step 4 Post reading
Ask the Ss to listen to the tape and try to answer the five questions in their Best Design.
Step 5 Useful Expressions
Help the Ss find out useful expressions in each Para.
1. 與…有聯(lián)系 2.產(chǎn)卵，下蛋
3. 用…喂… 4.以…為生
5. 生… 6.極度危險
7. 整個大陸 8.在面積上
9. 面積約相當(dāng)于美國 10.一個富裕的國家
11. 使 …不入內(nèi) 12.躲開，置身于…外
13.將…趕攏， 14.取決于 …, 視…而定
15.整年 16.很高興去做…
17.去徒步旅行
Step 6 Writing
Write a short passage about Australia if time permits.
澳大利亞有在世界其他地方找不到的動物，比如：袋鼠，考拉等。澳大利亞覆蓋了整個大洲。從北到南的距離是3,220公里，從東到西的距離是4,000公里。澳大利亞也是一個大國，人口多萬。該國的農(nóng)業(yè)和自然資源方面很豐富。氣候情況因地區(qū)不同而不同。人們喜歡戶外活動和體育。大堡礁是最有名的旅游勝地。
Homework Reading task of Test 3
outcome
n.
結(jié)果;結(jié)局;后果[S1][(+of)]
I think there can be but one outcome to this affair.
我認(rèn)為這件事只可能有一種結(jié)局。
She was satisfied with the outcome of her efforts.
她對自己努力的結(jié)果很滿意。
weep
vi.
1.) 哭泣,流淚[(+over/for)]
The girl wept over her sad fate.
那女孩為自己悲慘的命運(yùn)而哭泣。
Mother wept for joy.
母親高興得流眼淚。
2.) 悲嘆,哀悼[(+over/for)]
We all wept in silence for the deceased.
我們都默默為死者哀悼。
vt.
流(淚);哭泣
The little girl wept herself to sleep.
小女孩哭著哭著入睡了。
n.
哭泣
furnish
vt.
1.) 給(房間)配置(家具等);裝備[(+with)]
How are you going to furnish the house?
你將如何布置房子?
2.) 供應(yīng);提供[(+with/to)]
I’ll furnish you with all you need.
我將提供你所需要的一切。
attend to
1.) 注意;致力于
You should attend better to your studies.
你應(yīng)該更專心于學(xué)習(xí)。
2.) 關(guān)心;照料;護(hù)理
The nurse is attending to a sick man.
護(hù)士正在照料病人。
do up
1.) 修理
The room needs doing up.
這房子需要修繕。
2.) 使穿上
She was done up in her Sunday best.
她穿著節(jié)日盛裝。
3.) 使精疲力盡
He was done up after the long trip.
長途旅行后他精疲力盡。
pale
a.
1.) 蒼白的,灰白的
She was pale with fear.
她嚇得臉色發(fā)白。
2.) (顏色)淡的
Her beauty seemed pale beside Mary’s.
她的美貌與瑪麗的相比似乎顯得黯然失色。
He wore a pale blue tie.
他戴一條淺藍(lán)色的領(lǐng)帶
approve
vt.
1.) 贊成,同意;贊許
The professor does not approve the government’s foreign policy.
那位教授不贊成政府的外交政策。
2.) 批準(zhǔn);認(rèn)可
The city council has now approved the scheme for the erection of a new public library.
市議會業(yè)已核準(zhǔn)建造一座新的公共圖書館的計劃。
vi.
贊成;贊許 [(+of)]
I’m afraid your parents won’t approve of your going there.
我擔(dān)心你父母不會贊成你到那兒去。
shave
vt.
1.) 剃去...上的毛發(fā);刮(臉)等
shave one’s face
刮臉
2.) 刮(胡子等)[(+off/away)]
He shaved off his beard.
他剃掉了胡須。
vi.
1.) 修面,刮臉
He shaves every morning.
他每天早晨刮臉。
2.) 擠過,勉強(qiáng)通過
He shaved through the math exam.
他勉強(qiáng)通過了數(shù)學(xué)考試。
n.[C]
1.) 剃刀,刮胡刀;刨刀
2.) 修面,刮臉[S]
I need a shave.
我需要修面。
comb
n.[C]
1.) 梳子;(羊毛等的)毛刷,馬鬃刷
2.) 女人頭發(fā)上梳狀的飾物
3.) (用梳子)梳理[S]
My hair needs a good comb.
我的頭發(fā)需要好好梳理一番。
vt.
1.) 用梳子梳理
The mother combed the child’s hair.
母親梳理了孩子的頭發(fā)。
2.) 徹底搜查[(+for)]
We combed the city to look for our lost dog.
我們搜遍了全城尋找我們走失了的狗。
at length
1.) 最后,終于
At length, we began to understand what she wanted.
最后,我們總算弄清楚她到底要什么。
2.) 詳細(xì)地
He talked at length about his work.
他詳細(xì)地談了他的工作。
flash
vt.
1.) 使閃光;使閃爍[(+at)]
Why is that driver flashing his lights at me?
那個司機(jī)為何用燈照我?
2.) (向...)閃現(xiàn)出[(+at)]
I flashed a warning glance at them.
我向他們投去警告性的一瞥。
3.) (火速地)發(fā)出(電報,電訊等);使迅速傳遍
The news was flashed around the world.
這一消息迅速傳遍世界各地。
vi.
1.) 閃光,閃爍
The stars flashed in the night sky.
夜空中群星閃爍。
2.) (想法等)掠過,閃現(xiàn)
A thought flashed through my mind.
我腦子里閃過一個想法。
3. 飛馳,掠過
A car flashed by.
一輛汽車疾馳而過。
n.
閃爍,閃光[C]
There was a flash of lightning a moment ago.
剛才有一道閃電。
simplify
vt.
簡化,精簡;使單純;使平易
The subject is immensely complex, and hard to simplify.
這個題目非常復(fù)雜,并且很難簡化。
Unit 11
criterion/ criteria(pl)
n.
(判斷、批評的)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),準(zhǔn)則,尺度[C]
What criteria do you use when judging the quality of a student’s work?
你用什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)?
summary
adj.
1.) 概括的,扼要的
He gave a summary report of the day’s events.
他對一天的事件作了簡要的報告。
2.) 實(shí)時的;草率的;即決的,簡易的
The government took summary action to aid the earthquake victims.
政府即刻采取行動救濟(jì)地震災(zāi)民。
n.
總結(jié),摘要,一覽[C][(+of)]
He made a summary of the case.
他為這個案件做了一個摘要。
percentage
n.
1.) 百分率,百分比[C] [(+of)]
What percentage of children were absent?
缺席的學(xué)童占百分之幾?
2.) 比例;部分[C]
Each of them got a percentage of the profits.
他們每個人都得到一部分利潤。
3.) 【口】好處,利益[U]
There is no percentage in arguing with him.
同他爭論于事無補(bǔ)。
suspect
vt.
1.) 疑有,察覺
The tiger suspected danger and ran away.
老虎意識到危險便逃跑了。
2.) 懷疑,不信任
We suspected their honesty.
我們不相信他們是誠實(shí)的。
3.) 懷疑(某人犯有過錯)[+of] [+(that)]
The police suspected that Bill did it.
警察懷疑那件事是比爾干的。
4.) 猜想;料想 [+(that)]
I suspect they’ll come.
我想他們會來的。
n.
嫌疑犯;可疑分子[C]
adj.
可疑的;受到懷疑的;不可信的[(+of/to/with)]
His motives were suspect with others.
他的動機(jī)受到其他人的懷疑。
cater
vi.
1.) 提供飲食;承辦宴席[(+for)]
He runs a restaurant and also caters for weddings and parties.
他經(jīng)營飯店,還承辦婚禮和宴會酒席。
2.) 滿足需要(或欲望);迎合,投合[(+for/to)]
Those newspapers cater to the lowest tastes.
那些報紙迎合最低級的趣味。
vt.
為...提供飲食,承辦(宴會等)的酒席
Who’s catering your daughter’s wedding?
誰給你女兒承辦婚宴?
temporary
adj.
臨時的;暫時的,一時的
Ellen has got a temporary job.
艾倫找到一份臨時工作。
n.[C]
1.) 臨時工,臨時雇員
She works in the office as a temporary.
她在辦公室做臨時雇員。
2.) 臨時事物;臨時房屋
The wartime temporaries will be replaced by permanent homes.
那些戰(zhàn)時臨時住房將被永久性住宅代替。
expectation
n.
1.) 期待;預(yù)期[U][C]
The dog wagged its tail in expectation of a bone.
那條狗搖著尾巴,巴望吃肉骨頭。
2.) 期望,預(yù)期的事物(pl.)
The reward fell short of our expectations.
獎勵不符我們的希望。
3.) 前程(pl.)
a young artist with great expectations
有遠(yuǎn)大前程的青年藝術(shù)家
division
n.
1.) 分開,分割[U][(+into)]
The compilers agreed upon a division of the textbook into twelve units.
編寫者都同意把教科書分成十二個單元。
2.) 分配,分派[U][(+between/among)]
The thieves quarrelled about the division of their stolen goods.
這些賊為分偷來的物品而爭吵。
3.) 【數(shù)】除(法)[U]
The boy has learnt to do division.
這個小男孩已學(xué)會做除法。
compromise
n.
1.) 妥協(xié),和解[C][U][(+between)]
I hope we shall come to a compromise.
我希望我們能達(dá)成妥協(xié)。
2.) 妥協(xié)方案,折衷辦法;折衷物[C]
The interior decoration of the house is a compromise between Chinese and foreign styles.
這所房子的內(nèi)部裝飾是中西兩式的折衷物。
vt.
1.) 互讓解決(分歧等)
2.) 連累,危及
You will compromise your good name if you associate with these people.
你如果與這些人交往就會損害你的好名聲。
3.) 放棄(原則等);泄露(秘密等)
He refused to compromise his principles.
他拒絕放棄原則。
vi.
妥協(xié),讓步[(+on)]
They found it wiser to compromise with her.
他們覺得與她妥協(xié)更明智。
dynamic
adj.
1.) 力的;動力的
a dynamic load
動力荷載
2.) 能動的;動態(tài)的
a dynamic verb
動態(tài)動詞
3.) 有活力的;有生氣的;強(qiáng)有力的
a dynamic young businessman
生氣勃勃的年輕商人
embarrass
vt.
1.) 使窘;使不好意思,使局促不安 [(+with/by)]
Arthur seemed embarrassed by the question.
亞瑟似乎被這個問題弄得有些窘迫。
2.) 使負(fù)債;使拮據(jù)
A large family embarrassed him.
他子女多,這使他經(jīng)濟(jì)拮據(jù)。
3.) 妨礙,阻礙
Wearing the heavy coat embarrassed his movements.
穿著厚大衣妨礙了他的行動。
contradictory
adj.
1.) 矛盾的,對立的[(+to)]
The prisoner’s statement was contradictory to the one he’d made earlier.
那個囚犯的供詞與早些時候說的相矛盾。
2.) 好反駁的,喜爭辯的
a contradictory nature
愛斗嘴的討厭本性
n.[C]
1.) 矛盾因素,對立物
2.) 【邏】矛盾命題;否定項(xiàng)
violent
adj.
1.) 激烈的;猛烈的;強(qiáng)烈的
The boat sank in a violent storm at sea.
船在海上強(qiáng)烈的風(fēng)暴中沉沒。
2.) 由暴力引起的;暴力的[Z]
She died a violent death.
她慘遭橫禍。
3.) 極端的,極度的
A violent impatience overcame him.
他變得極不耐煩。
4.) 狂暴的,兇暴的
The madman was violent and had to be locked up.
這瘋子十分兇暴,只好把他鎖起來。
resign
vt.
1.) 放棄,辭去
The general resigned his commission.
將軍辭去了他的職務(wù)。
2.) 把...托交給,委托[(+to/into)]
She resigned her children to the care of her sister.
她把孩子交給她妹妹照管。
3.) 使聽從,使順從[(+to)]
He is resigned to his fate. 或 He resigned himself to his fate.
他聽天由命。
vi.
辭職[(+from)]
The simplest thing is for him to resign at once.
最簡單的做法就是他立即辭職。
definite
adj.
1.) 明確的,確切的
She made no definite answer.
她沒有作確定的回答。
2.) 一定的,肯定的
It’s definite that he’ll be late again.
他肯定又要遲到。
3.) 限定的
congratulate
vt.
1.) 祝賀;恭喜[(+on/upon)]
I congratulate you on your great discovery.
我祝賀你的偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)。
I want to congratulate you with all my heart.
我衷心地祝賀你。
2.) (后接oneself)自我慶幸[(+on)]
He congratulated himself on having survived the air-crash.
他慶幸自己在空難中幸免于死。
finance
n.
1.) 財政;金融;財政學(xué)[U]
He got the position on the strength of his skill in finance.
他憑著自己的理財本領(lǐng)得到了這個職位。
2.) (對事業(yè)的)資金支援[U]
3.) 財源;資金;(國家的)歲入;財務(wù)情況[P]
The country’s finances have improved.
這個國家財政狀況改善了。
vt.
供資金給;融資,為...籌措資金
Our project is adequately financed.
我們的工程資金充足。
vi.
籌措資金
We are financing for the housing project.
我們在為住宅計劃籌措資金。
decline
vi.
1.) 下降,下跌;減少;衰退,衰落
As one grows older one’s memory declines.
人的記憶力隨著年齡增長而衰退。
Unemployment declined to 4 percent last month.
上個月失業(yè)率降至百分之四。
2.) 【書】傾斜;下垂
3.) 婉拒;謝絕
vt.
1.) 婉拒;謝絕[+to-v]
She declined their invitation.
她婉拒了他們的邀請。
She declined to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn’t feeling well.
她說她身體不舒服,婉拒了與她的朋友共進(jìn)午餐。
2. )【語】使發(fā)生詞尾變化,使變格
n.
1.) 下降;減少[S1]
There is a decline in real wages.
實(shí)際工資有所減少。
2.) 衰退,衰落[the S]
3.) 傾斜[the S]
oral
adj.
1.) 口頭的,口述的
An oral agreement is not enough; we must have a written promise.
只有口頭協(xié)議是不夠的;我們必須有一個書面承諾。
He passed his German oral exam.
他通過了德文口試。
2.) 口的,口部的
The oral opening in an earthworm is small.
蚯蚓的口是很小的。
3.) (藥)口服的
The doctor prescribed an oral dose of medicine.
醫(yī)生開了一劑口服藥。
Reading:
Warming up
Look at the pictures and match each flower with its correct name
Which flower is your favorite? Explain why.
Pre-reading
Why was Carl Linnaeus important to the history of botany as a science?
His system of grouping plants in families was unique, which based on the arrangement of the male and female organs in the flowers.
While-reading
Fast reading
How many people are mentioned in the passage?
Carl Linnaeus Daniel Solander Joseph Banks Captain Cook
Careful reading
1. Before Linnaeus botany was ________．D
A．studied by doctors B．unknown to anyone C．fully developed D．a(chǎn) branch of medicine
2. Some economic species plants such as____ could help to develop local economies．C
A．rose and peony B．tea and apple C．cocoa and hemp D．Cocoa and lemon
3. It was ____ who made Kew a centre of scientific and economic research．A
A．Joseph Banks B．Captain Cook C．Linnaeus D． Daniel Solander
4.Paragraph one of the text mainly tells us ___ ．C
A．the importance of botany B．how to classify plant species into groups
C．Linnaeus’contribution to botany D．Linnaeus’discoveries about different species
5.Captain Cook made ___voyages altogether around the world. C
A．one B．Two C．Three D.four
Post-reading
1. How did scientists classify plants before Linnaeus?
Some scientists classified plants into herbs and trees, or according to the shape of the fruit, or whether they had flowers or not.
2. What were the goals of James Cook’s first voyage around the world?
To study the passing of the planet Venus across the sun; to record, classify and describe all plant and animal life observed during the trip; to search for an unknown southern continent.
3. Why did Joseph Banks have to supply his own money to equip part of the expedition?
Because the government would not pay for such a new field of science as botany.
4. What could be a possible explanation for the name “strawberry”?
When people plant strawberry, they spread straw under the fruit to reduce the necessary amount of watering.
Translate the following phrases into English:
1. 詳細(xì)地 in detail
2. 處于支配的地位，負(fù)責(zé) in charge of
3. 由……負(fù)責(zé) in the charge of
4. 任命某人為…… appoint sb. as
5.將……分類成 classify…into…
6. 計算……之間的距離 calculate the distance between…
7. 一代一代傳下去 pass on from one generation to the next
8.建于……之上；以……為基礎(chǔ) be based on
9.參與; 陷入 ……的活動 be involved in
10.根據(jù);視……而定；按照 according to
11.搜索；尋找 search for
12.總而言之 altogether
1.match…with （在品質(zhì)；顏色；設(shè)計等方面）相等，相當(dāng)，相配
2.at the age of 在……歲時
3.look out for 警惕;留心;守侯
4.on a large scale 大規(guī)模地;大范圍地
5.year after year 年年;年復(fù)一年
6.pass away 逝世
7.name…after 給……取名;命名
8.in detail 詳細(xì)
9.take care of 關(guān)心;照顧
10.classify…into 分類;歸類
11.develop a lifelong friendship with 與……結(jié)存了終生好朋友
12.born into 出生
13.have an appetite for knowledge 有求知欲
14.appoint sb. as… 委派;任命某人為……
15.spread over 傳播;流傳
16.a great deal of 大量;許多(用于不可數(shù)名詞)
17.lie in 在于
18.related to 與……有關(guān)
19.the key to 關(guān)鍵是(在于)
20.adapt to 適應(yīng)于
21.be sunken into 墮入
Integrating skills
Scanning
Find out the important people mentioned in the text.
Charles Darwin From England Gregor Mendel From Austria
Gote Turesson From Sweden
Choose the best answers according to the passage
1. The research by Darwin, Mendel and Turesson shows that_ . C
A. genetics is more important than the environment to plants
B. genetics is less important than the environment to plants
C. both genetics and the environment are important to plants
D. neither genetics nor the environment is important to plants
2. Darwin observed that the birds with _ _ would eat_ . B
A. small beaks l hard seeds B．broad beaks；hard seeds
C. hard beaks；hard seeds D．broad beaks；soft seeds
3.Darwin joined the scientific expedition on _____ ． C
A. the Endeavour B.Tahiti C．the Beagle D．space
4. Scientists of the nineteenth century believed that . D
A．the development of new species was behind the influence of the environment
B．the development of new species and the influence of the environment were hand in hand
C．the development of new species had nothing to do with the influence of the environment
D the influence of the environment was behind the development of new species .
5. Darwin studied physics，chemistry and botany because_________ . B
A．he was invited to join scientific expedition
B．he was interested in them
C．he could do a lot Of experiments
D．he wanted to finish his book“On the Origin of Species”
Fill in the following blanks
Scientist
Research/experiment
Result
Charles Darwin
The wild life of Galapagos, many varieties of garden roses
There were differences between the species of the different islands’yet all showed a clear relationship with those of America’ differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds as well as in plants.
Gregor Mendel
Flowers and peas
Many characteristics were passed on from one generation to the next, without influence by the environment. His research gave birth to the science of genetics.
Gote Turesson
A wild plant found on the Swedish west coast
Found evidence for the existence of stable varieties within species in nature. He showed that differences between plants of one species occurred as a result of the environmental conditions in their habitat.
The text can be divided into four parts
Part I Pa1-3: Darwin and his research.
Part II Pa4-5: Mendel and his experiment.
Part III Pa6: Turesson and his study
Part IV Pa7: the importance and significance of the research of the three.
Important sentences in the passage
1. It was Darwin’s visit on the Beagle to the Galapagos Isles that gave him the key to his new theory.
2. Back home, in England, Darwin realized that differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds as well as in plants.
3. As a result of Darwin and Mendel’s research, scientists of the nineteenth century formed the belief that that influence of the environment was behind the development of new species.
4. It would take a next generation of scientists to bring the importance of the environment on species back in view.
Unit 5 Getting the message
Reading:
Look at the pictures on page37 and fill in the chart
Items
Ad 1
Ad 2
Ad 3
The products they persuade you to buy
Advanced electronic roducts
Shampoo
Soft drinks
How to persuade
By using abstract design, slogan and pictures
By using wonderful pictures ,slogan and realistic products
By using wonderful pictures, slogan and products
The message each ad gives
High quality,
Help customers to succeed
Create beauty,bring happiness and love to customers
Help athletes to refresh themselves.
How is the information conveyed
Pictures, slogan, spokesman
Products,slogan, pictures
Pictures,slogan, products
Words related to advertising
advertise, advertisement advertiser, brand, post, spokesman, spokeswoman, designer, entertain, promote, customer, slogan, text, writer mislead, humorous, persuasive, broadcast, annoy, appeal to
Pre-reading
Collect advantages and disadvantages of advertisements from the students
Advantages Disadvantages
Provide information Mislead customers
Increase sales Give false or incorrect information
Make the public aware of social problem Raise the price of products
…
1.the first form of advertising : in Greece and Egypt around 1500 B.C.
2.the first printed advertisement: in London 1477
3.the first commercials on radio: about 1920
4.the first commercial on TV: after World War 2
Reading Find out the main idea for each paragraph
Pa1: Ads are found almost everywhere
Pa2: People react to advertisements in different ways.
Pa3: The basic principle of advertisements is to influence customers’ choices.
Pa4: Ads help companies and customers n a variety of ways.
Pa5: the most important function of advertising is to introduce new products.
Pa6: Governments and other organizations use ads to make people aware of government policies and social problems.
Pa7: Customers should be careful of illegal ads.
Pa8: Customers should learn to protect themselves from false ads and make smart choices.
Answer the following questions
Fast reading
1.What is people’s reaction to ads.? P2
2.What is the basic principle of advertising? P3
3.What is the most important function of ads? P5
4.what’s the advantage of good ads? P8
Careful reading
1.Why is advertising popular?
2.How does advertising help consumers and companies?
3.What is the basic principle behind advertisements?
4.Why do advertisers often have to work hard to attract people’s attention?
5.What is a “bait-and-switch” a?
6.How can we protect ourselves from misleading ads?
Choose the best answers:
1.The word “advertising” means to make a product known to . D
A managers through broadcast B leaders by radios
C firms by printed notices D people in various ways.
2.One advantage of advertising is that it helps . A
A increase product sales B make a product more expensive
C increase production D reduce the costs of a product
3.Advertising is a highly developed . B
A information B industry C trade D science
4.The development of radio, television, cinema, magazines and newspapers has with the development of advertising. B
A followed up B gone hand in hand C gone behind D taken place
5. The best chance to reach customers is to . C
A sell them the product B sell them what money can not buy: love, happiness and success.
C appeal to their emotions D reduce the price of the products.
6．The development of media has gone hand hand the development of advertising. C
A. by; by B. by; with C. in; with D. in; by
8.People react to advertisements in different ways.Because . 答案：A
A. ads are useful and entertaining to some people while annoying to others
B. ads are useful and entertaining C. ads are annoying
D.ads are not only useful and entertaining but annoying
9.When we buy an expensive product, can help us make the right decision. 答案：B
A. sellers B. ads C. our friends D. defenders
10.“Not all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits” means . 答案：D
A. all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
B. few ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
C. no ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
D. all ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
11.In order not to become easy target for ad makers, we must . 答案：A
A. distinguish between fiction and facts B. watch TV more often
C. believe all the ads D. never believe any ads
12.The best chance to reach customers for the advertisers is to . 答案：A
A. appeal to their emotions B. make interesting pictures
C. give customers proper prices D. send messages to customers
13.Paragraph 4 is mainly about . 答案：C
A. ads must increase the production B. ads must reduce the price of the production
C. ads must help companies and customers D. ads must make a product more expensive
14.Which sentence tells us the main idea of Paragraph 5? 答案：C
A. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the prices of the products.
B. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the types of the products.
C. The most important function of advertising is to introduce new products.
D. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the company where the products come from.
15.Why is advertising popular? 答案：C
A. Because ads are found in newspapers. B. Because ads are found on the Internet.
C. Because ads are found on TV. D. Because ads are found everywhere.
16.We can infer from the last sentence of the text that . 答案：C
A. we must learn to believe ads B. we must learn to accept ads
C. we must learn to analyse ads D. we must learn to accuse ads
T or F
1.People react to advertisements in different ways.( )
2.The basic principle of advertising is fairly difficult.( )
3.Since an increase in sales means an increase in production, the price may be increased, too. ( )
4.Truthful ads provide good information that helps customers to decide whether they want or need the advertised product.( )
5.Perhaps the most important function of advertising is to increase a company’s profits. ( )
6.By using the techniques developed by the advertising industry, governments and other non-profit organizations can spread knowledge, change attitudes and improve society.( )
7.All ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits.( )
Difficult sentences
1.The development of radio ,television and other media has gone hand in hand with the development.
2.Customers see so many ads every day that advertisers must work hard to get their message across.
3.The best chance to reach customers is to appeal to their emotions.
4.First of all ,we should always keep an eye out for “hidden information”.
Integrating skills
Fill in the blanks for the revision
Advertising is a highly developed industry. It has gone hand in hand with radio, television and other media.
People react to ads in different ways. Some think ads are useful and help consumers
make informed choices while others accuse companies of using ads to mislead us. Companies can influence customers’ choices by introducing a brand name and by associating products with customers’ needs. There are so many ads for customers that advertisers must try to get their message across by appealing to their emotions.
Ads help companies and customers in all kinds of ways. They can help companies increase sales . At the same time , they help customers choose among all the available products. In fact, truthful ads provide good information,and help customers compare feathers, functions and costs. Some governments name a famous person as their spokesman or spokeswoman to make people aware
of their social problems and policies.
Customers should protect themselves by keeping an eye out for bad ads, telling false information from real facts and making good choices.
II Lead-in
1 what product do they persuade you to buy?
2 what information about product can you get?
3 How is the information conveyed?
4 What are the skills of making good ads?
III Reading
1 How do the ad-makers create a positive image of the product they are promoting?
2 How do ad-makers choose a name for the product?
3 What kind of slogans should be used to make the consumers to form a positive image? Can you give an example?
4 How are the ads presented ?
How to create a positive image of the product
Choose the words and brand names --- tell the consumer about the advantages of the product ---choose a funny name（use a well-known word--- choose names from old stories--- invent a new word ）
A good slogan（ should be catchy --- easy to remember --- convey a message）
Ads are started with a puzzle or question And presented in a humorous way
1.in order to 為的是;目的在于
2.take …into consideration 考慮某事物
pare…with… 把……與……比較(對比)
plain about 對某人與某物抱怨
5.in charge of… 負(fù)責(zé);處于控制或支配的地位
6.hand in hand 手拉手;密切關(guān)聯(lián)的
7.with the develop of 隨著……發(fā)展
8.on the other hand 另一方面
9.get… across 傳播或?yàn)槿死斫?/p>
10.instead of 代替(后面接名詞代詞動名詞或介詞短語)
11.appeal to 呼吁;上訴;投合(興趣或心愿)
12.armed with用…… 做準(zhǔn)備;備有
13.make sb. aware of 使人明白;覺察;意識到
14.keep an eye out for 留心或注意到某人或某事物
tect…from… 防護(hù)而不受
16.at the right time 在恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r候
17.point out to (向某人)指出;使注意
18.make sense 有意義;有道理;講得通
19.accuse…of… 指責(zé);控告
20.attach to 系;貼;固定;附著
21 differ from 不同于
22 attach to/connect with 附著/聯(lián)想
23 attach importance to 給予重視
24 start with 以 開始
25 with the purpose of 以 為目的
26 point out 指出
27 refer to 指/參考
28 think twice 慎重考慮
Unit 6
Reading
Read the text then answer some questions.
1 When did we decide to move to another place? 1845,10
2 How long did the journey last? About a year
3 What is our first destination? India Greek in Kansas
4 Is the journey hard? Can you make some examples about it?
Yes, it is hard. You can make many examples.
Listening
Listen to the tape carefully then do these exercises.
Post-reading
Exercise1. True or False
1 We traveled alone. (F with many other families)
6 When a young man in our group suggested that I stay behind with the children and wait for help, I agreed. (F I didn’t agree.)
( )7 When the animals smelt the water, they all ran.
Exercise 2
Choose the best answers
1.The reason why my father wanted to go to California is that . 答案：C
A. California was in desert B. California was far away
C. California was a wonderful land described in a book
D. California was the largest state in the USA
2.People moving to the west would meet in . 答案：A
A. Kansas B. California C. Salt Lake Valley D. Salt Lake Desert
3.On which day did the author enter the Salt Lake Desert? 答案：B
A. April 12. B. November 4. C. October 15. D. December 25.
4.Why did the travelers call their ninety-mile drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “Long Drive”? 答案：D
A Because the landscape was dry and barren. B. Because water was salty and not drinkable.
C. Because their water supply was so low. D. All of the above.
5.After the travelers burnt their wagons, they had to go on their feet with another miles to go. B
A.2 500 B.500 C.90 D.45
6.Why didn’t the author stay behind with the children and wait for help? A
A. Because that meant he/she would die.
B. Because he/she knew that children were tiresome.
C. Because he/she knew that there was a wagon waiting for him/her.
D. Because he/she felt he/she could get a prize by his/her father.
7.The animals almost ran when the travelers reached the edge of the desert, why? 答案：C
A. Because they were tired and weak. B. Because they had no burden.
C. Because they must have smelt the water. D. Because they went back to their home.
8.How long did the author spend finishing the journey? 答案：A
A. More than 40 months. B. About 2 months.
C. About a year. D. About a year and a month.
9.From the text, we can infer . 答案：D
A. the author and the travelers had to go all day and all night long
B. there was no oxen left when the travelers reached California
C. many travelers died when their days of hardship came to an end
D .it’s a long way to travel from the author’s hometown to California
10.The best title of the text is . 答案：B
A.A Journey To California B. Long Drive
C. The Salt Lake Desert D. Enjoy Your Life
Questions:
1 Where in the text do you find evidence that the wagons were not he most suitable means of transport? You can find your answers in paragraph 3.
2 Why did the travelers call their ninety mile-drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “l(fā)ong drive”?
We had to travel long without water or grass for the animals to eat. It was hard.
3 What can you learn from this reading passage? What impresses you most?
1)After suffering from many difficulties, we can live a better life. Facing the hardship, never give up, etc.
2)The courage of the people impresses me most.
1.believe in 信任;信耐
2.stand for 代表;代替
3.adapt to 適宜
4.lose heart 灰心;泄氣
5.be cast away (被)拋棄
6.give up 放棄
7.less than 少于;不足
8.set off for 開始(旅程;賽跑);出發(fā)
9.move on 繼續(xù)前進(jìn)
10.take the way 出發(fā);首途
11.lose one’s way 迷路
12.hang out 伸出
13.in desperate need of 在極度需要的(時候)
14.on our feet=on foot 步行
15.be accustomed to doing sth. (通常用于被動語態(tài))習(xí)慣于
16.suffer from 患病;遭受……之苦
17.hurry on to (with) 趕緊辦理;急急忙忙地去做某事
18.stop to do sth. 停下來去做某事
19.start doing sth. 開始做某事
20.go on all fours 用四肢
21.(at)the edge of of (在)……邊緣
22.stare at 瞪視; 凝視
e to an end 結(jié)束;終止
24.a race against time 與時間賽跑
25.save…from 挽救……免于
26.take up to 占用(時間;空間)
27.at stake 在危險中;關(guān)系重大
28.risk one’s life to 冒險去做某事
29.apply…to… 運(yùn)用;應(yīng)用
30.add up (兩個或兩個以上的數(shù)量或量)加起來
31.take it easy 別緊張;放松點(diǎn)
32.keep up 維持;保持;使某事處于高水平
mon sense 常識;情理
34.leave behind 忘帶;留下
35. live through sth. 經(jīng)歷某事物而幸存
36.tie up 系;拴;捆
37.go for 為……去;努力獲取
Unit 7
Step one . Answer the following questions.
1.When does the story happen ?
2.Who is Ebenezer Scrooge ? Which word is he always to comment everything ?
3.Who is Bob Cratchit ? What does he want to do ?
4.What does the gentleman want to do ? Has he Promised ? What happened to Scrooge ?
Step2.Judge the following sentences True or false
1.It was cold in scrooge’s office and Bob had to warm himself over the candles. T
2. Scrooge was willing to let Bob have a day off because it would be Christmas the next day. F
3. Scrooge was invited by his niece and he accepted happily. F
4. A gentleman arrived at Scrooge’s office because he wanted to collected money for the poor. T
5. Scrooge didn’t want to give the poor any money because he was poor himself. F
6. According to the dialogue, in Scrooge’s dream he met his old friend ------Jacob Marley. F
Step three : Fill in the blanks according the passage
It was the day before Christmas and the weather was terrible . Bob wanted to have a day off in order to have a good Christmas dinner but his boss , Scrooge, who was cold , mean and only interested in making money didn’t allow him to do so at first. Scrooge’s nephew--- Fred wanted to invite Scrooge to attend their Christmas dinner but he was refused . A gentleman who wanted bo connect some money for the poor was also turned down by Scrooge. At last when all the others left Scrooge had a dream , in which he Santa Claus
Integrating Skills
Divide the play into 3 parts. Try to find out what caused Scrooge to turn over a new leaf.
Find out something about the firs scene
Place:_ The place where Scrooge live once lived
The time when Scrooge was young.
Time: Young scrooge and his girlfriend
The girl wanted to be separated from Scrooge
Characters: Scrooge cared nothing except money
Event: He felt very uneasy.
In the second scene, Scrooge saw the Christmas party held in Bob Cratchit’s houses. Judge the following sentences True of False .
1.In the dream it was Christmas Eve and the Cratchits were having a Christmas dinner. 2. In the dream Tiny was ill but his father couldn’t afford the medicine for him.
3. These things really happened to the Cratchits. F
4. On seeing the scene Scrooge wanted to change his life.
5. Scrooge ordered a big Christmas tree for the cratchits’. F
Scene 3
From here we say the Scrooge turned over a new leaf. How did Bob Cratchit feel when he saw Scrooge and his turkey ? D
A. Satisfied B. Interested C. Angry D. Surprised
He hadn’t expected that Scrooge would be so generous
Choose the best answers
1.Christmas is traditionally celebrated on . 答案：B
A. December 24 B. December 25 C. December 30 D. December 31
2.Which of the following is not true according to the dialogue? 答案：A
A. The business is now owned by Scrooge and his partner, Marley.
B. Marley died on December 24th.
C. The gentleman tried to persuade Mr Scrooge to do something good for the poor.
D .Many thousands of people don’t have enough money to keep themselves warm.
3.Ebenezer Scrooge is . 答案：D
A. a warm-hearted boss B. a lazy kind boss
C. a hospitable boss D. a greedy ungenerous boss
4.According to the dialogue,which of the following sentences is right? 答案：C
A. Nothing happened when the clock struck one.
B. Scrooge’s eyes were wet because he had a cold.
C. The girl who used to love Scrooge has married another man.
D. Scrooge,a kind old man is always commenting on everything by saying “Humbug”.
5.In the sentence,“He is cold, mean and selfish old man ”,“mean” is . 答案：D
A.有技巧的 B.心情不好的 C.普通的 D.吝嗇的
6.From the dialogue, we can infer . 答案：C
A. Fred helps Scrooge become a helpful man
B. everyone does wish Ebenzer Scrooge a merry Christmas
C. Ebenzer scrooge corrects his mistakes and makes a fresh start
D. Scrooge’s partner, Marley died at Christmas
7.The main factor that makes Mr Scrooge change his mind is that . 答案：A
A. he feels afraid the bad thing will happen to him in the future
B. he regrets what he did in the past
C. he is moved by what Santa Claus says
D. he loses his fortune and becomes a poor man himself
8.What can’t be concluded from the passage? 答案：D
A. People usually have turkey for Christmas.
B. The place they live in is cold in winter.
C. Bob is quite astonished Scrooge’s generousness.
D. All the poor people can enjoy a merry Christmas now.
9.According to Fred,Christmas is the day of the year when people . 答案：D
A. think of the past and look forward to the future
B. put valuable things in their pockets
C. have dinner together
D. show kindness to people and help others
10.Mr Scrooge is reluctant to open his heart to the poor because . 答案：D
A. there are plenty of prisons in the world B. he is poor himself
C. the union work houses can help the poor
D. he only cares about his own business and never shows kindness to others
Phrases
1.care for 喜愛；照顧
2.in the race to do sth. 在做某事的競賽中
3.put on 穿上
4.so far 至此
5.in want of 需要
6.at this festive season of the year 在一年中喜慶的季節(jié)
7.close up （尤指暫時）關(guān)閉；使靠近
8.leave alone 不管；隨…去
9.toast to 干杯
10.date back to 追溯到（過去的某個時間）
11.on the contrary 相反
12.have an eye for 關(guān)注；能判斷；能欣賞
Unit 8
Fast reading
1 What is the most puzzling question in learning our mother tongue?
2 If we develop our study skills and way of learning, is learning foreign language twice as hard or as easy?
Careful reading
Tell the sentences true or false
1 Although experts don’t agree each other, they all share a common opinion :Life is a very successful language school. T
2 We study our mother tongue all day long for about 5 years before we master it. But we only spend a few hours a week and in a few years’ time we can speak a foreign language. T
3.Successful language learners usually step away from the academic challenges. F
4The less anxious and more relaxed the learner, the worse their language acquisition.F
Choose the best answers
1.Most children have mastered their mother tongue . 答案：C
A. at the age of five B. by the age of eight C. before they are five D. since they were five
2.Successful language learners do share the following characteristics except . 答案：A
A. the ability to memorize the words B. an interest in understanding their own thinking
C. willingness to take chances D. confidence in their ability
3.The best option for the exchange students is . 答案：A
A. living with local people B. living in the dormitory
C. choosing exchange programmes at various academic levels at a reasonable cost
D. making friends with the other students
4.The disadvantage of studying abroad is . 答案：B
A. language and culture B. cost and safety C. custom and culture D. exchange programme
5.Visiting students do the following things except . 答案：C
A. staying in the host family’s house B. eating in the host family’s house
C. becoming a member of the family D. keeping in touch with the host family afterwards
6.Before going out to study in a foreign country,you should not . 答案：C
A. care much about the money that may cost you B. collect as much information as possible
C. plan a long course to study D. discuss every detail with your family
7.The sentence “Life is a very successful language school” means . 答案：B
A. we are equipped with a special ability to learn language
B. the key to learn the language well is to communicate with the people around us
C. parents can give children language lessons
D. people can learn the language by themselves
8.What makes it easier to study abroad nowadays? 答案：D
A. The cost has become reasonable. B. There are programmes for all levels.
C. Students can find “home-stay” service and live with the host family.
D. All the above.
9.The greatest value of an exchange student studying abroad is . 答案：C
A. to learn the language B. to widen one’s views and understand the culture of other country
C. to get better idea of yourself and your own culture D. to learn to be independent of oneself
10.What’s the purpose of writing this article? 答案：C
A. Learning a foreign language is twice as hard as learning our mother tongue.
B. Learning a foreign language is more important than learning our mother tongue.
C. Learning a foreign language is twice as easy if we develop our study skills.
D. In fact,the number of people learning a foreign language has increased with years.
Decide which language ( mother tongue or foreign language) each of the sentences below
A We learn quite fast.
B We are not taught but learn anyway. M
C Some people think that we are born with an ability to learn this. M
D We can learn faster if we develop study skills.
E Most people have mastered this by the age of five. M
F We learn this in a special place where we can get help.
G It takes longer to learn this. M
H We Learn this by communicating with others. M
Main idea of each paragragh .
1. The environmental factor of learning mother tongue.
2. Different opinions of language experts.
3. The difference between learning mother and learning a foreign language.
4. The characteristics of successful language learners.
5.Different learning ways of successful language learners
6. The importance of the purpose of learning.
The purpose of writing the passage to tell us that learning a foreign language does not have to be twice as hard as learning our mother tongue.
Integrating Skills
What is the best way to learn a language ? Why ?
I think the best way to do this is to go to a country where the language is spoken.
We can use the language at any places at any time . It’s good for language learning.
2. Is it possible for you to study abroad ? Yes, it is.
3. What should you do before you go abroad?
We should find out as much as possible about different programmes, including the cost and length of our stay.
4. Can you list the advantages and the disadvantages of studying abroad ?
Advantages of studying abroad
1). become fluent in the new language
2). make friends with people from different background.
3). Understand another culture
4). broaden your horizons and improve your understanding of the world
5). learn about yourself and what your culture is really like
6). learn to depend on yourself
Disadvantages of studying abroad
1). Some of them may fall behind in their studies when studying abroad.
2).They may not be able to take classes at the same level as at home.
3). Parents worry about the safety of their children and may also be concerned about the cost.
Choose the main idea of each paragraph
Para. 1 It is possible for a student of any level to study a foreign language in a country where the language is spoken.
Para. 2 Advantages of studying abroad.
Para. 3 disadvantages of studying abroad.
Para.4 What should you do in order studying abroad ?
Phrases
1.make progress 前進(jìn)；進(jìn)步
2.make sense of 弄懂…的意思
3.in other words 換句話說；換言之
4.take risks/a risk 冒險
5.experiment with 進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)；進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)
6.piles of 一大堆；一大批；一大團(tuán)
7.knock down 擊倒；撞倒
8.that is to say 也就是說
9.fall behind 落后
10.be different from 與…不同
municate with 與…聯(lián)系；與…交流
12.distinguish…from… 把與區(qū)別開來
13.adjust to 調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)；使適合；使便于使用
14.in the process 在進(jìn)行；經(jīng)過；在…過程中
15.in common （團(tuán)體）共同的；公有的
16.make mistakes 犯錯誤
17.make friends with 與…交朋友
18.take (an active ) part in （積極）參加
19.take patience to 有耐心去做….
I. Fast reading
1. In the cave the two brothers discovered______.
A. a secret art museum B. strange-looking animals
C. nothing but paintings D. lots of paintings and carving
2. After they decided to say the night in the cave, they_____.
A. talked about the discovery B. danced excitedly
C. didn’t feel sad at all D. collected enough food
3. The two brothers thought that it looked as if they had stepped into a secret art museum because______.
A. there was a wall of painted animals in the cave
B. there were so many paintings and carvings on the rock
C. they were examining the pictures like visitors to a museum
D. the cave was like an art museum which only the two boys knew
4. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the writer’s feelings?
A. He was excited because he wanted to tell about the discovery.
B. He felt sad because he couldn’t tell his family they were safe.
C. He was proud they discovered something of great value.
D. He felt disappointed because the cave would become very noisy the next day.
5. Why did the writer think that they were in a better position than their grandparents?
A. Because they were safe and had made a great discovery.
B. Because their grandparents did not know what was happening to them.
C. Their grandparents were very worried, but in fact they were safe.
D. Because they had discovered such extraordinary paintings in the cave.
2. Questions
1. How did the boys feel when they saw the shapes on the rock?
2. What did the writer do then?
3. What astonished them?
4. Why did they stay the night in the cave?
5. Why did the writer feel excited? And why did he feel sad at the same time?
6. Why did the writer want that moment to continue for ever?
7. What did the two boys imagine would happen?
8. What did they wonder about?
9. How old were those carvings and paintings?
10. What was the headline in the newspaper?
3.Language points
1. I got the radio____ again by twiddling（纏繞）with some wires.
A. to work B. working B. worked C. work
2. Many American women are choosing single life or_____ later in life. They are more independent than women______.
A. get married; used to B. Getting married; used to be
C. marrying; used to D. getting marry; used to be
3. I made a great ______in a second-hand bookshop yesterday and got many old books I had wanted for long.
A. discovery B. find C. looking for D. research
4.When the novel Harry Potter ______, it topped best-seller lists for many months.
A. came across B. printed C. came out D. published
5. Many plant species________ by humans and becoming extinct(滅絕).
A. destroy B. are destroying
C. is destroyed D. are being destroyed
6. The Guinness Book of Records is a reference book that______ all types of records about the world and its inhabitants(居住者).
A. covers B. writes C. obtains D. holds
7. Thin oxygen, strong winds, and awfully cold temperatures make_____
impossible for any animal or plant life to exist on the mountain.
A. this B. it C. which D. its
8. Centuries ago, women in Europe ______wear wooden or metal corsets (緊身內(nèi)衣) to give them thin waists.
A. use to B. used to C. are used to D. were used to
9. Red, often used in fast food restaurants, makes us feel active, _____after we have eaten, we want to get up quickly and leave, thus ____space for more customers.
A. so that; making B. so that; to make
C. however; making D. in case; make
10.In Germany, for instance, ____ there are now very few wolves, a campaign has started to protect wolves.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
11. The successfully man talked about the difficulty ____he managed to collect enough money to start his first company.
A. which B. with which C. with it D. in which
12. _____weather it is, we shall start tomorrow; and I cannot wait any longer.
A. No matter B. What C. Whatever D. Even though
13. ----Have you repaired my watch yet?
----Not yet, but I _____it by 11 am.
A. am repairing B. have repaired
C. will have repaired D. have been repaired
14. It looks as if the rain will continue for some time, but it may____ before dark.
A. turn out B. turn up C. come out D. clear up
15. From 1920 to 1950 many attempts to climb Mount Everest failed _____ the cold and dry air, fierce winds, _____ difficult terrain, and high altitude.
A. as a result B. because of C. so that D. that’s why
1)Still,calm,silent,quiet
eg.Tom was very quiet this morning.
It’s bad manners tokeep silent when the teacher asks you a question.
He stood there still.
Still waters run deep(prov.)
The sea is calm now,but it can also be rough sometimes.
He tried tobe calm,but couldn’t.
2)with+n.+doing/done/to do/adj./adv./prep phrase
eg.With the house burnt,he had nowhere to stay.
He can’t fall asleep with the light on.
With the man leading the way,I found the way easily.
With a report tofinish,he had tostay up until midnight.
He can’t be engaged in the work with such a loud noise outside.
3)clear up
eg.The weather has cleared up.
Her face cleared up as she read the letter.
When you finish your meal,please clear up=fix up the kitchen.
The book has cleared up=solved many problems for me.
They have cleared up the misunderstanding between them.
4)way
on one’s way;in the way;by the way;by way of
eg.I’m writing a report;don’t be in the way.
He went to Beijing by way of Shanghai.
feel/fight/make/wind/find one’s way
eg.It’s so dark in the cinema that we had to feel our way.
After school,the students made their way=headed for home.
5)sense
eg.He dog has a keen ~ of smell.
This word has many ~s.
a ~of pleasure/humor/duty/beauty/safety/justice
There is no ~ in doing that.
in a sense/make sense/make sense of
eg.What you say is true in a ~=in some/a way=to some extent.
What you said at the meeting made no ~.
Can youmake ~ of this poem?
6)word
in a word=as a rule=on the whole/in words/with these words/by word of mouth/leave word/break one’s word/eat one’s words/waste one’s words/have a word with/have words with=quarrel with
參考答案
1.D A D D C
3.B B B C D A B B A B B C C D B
一、教法建議
拋磚引玉
通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，同學(xué)們可以了爭到蜜蜂傳遞信息的方法，培養(yǎng)他們認(rèn)真觀察的能力，激發(fā)對科學(xué)研究的興趣。
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
Ⅰ.詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
amazing,spot,surround,astonishment,to one't astonishment,troop,downward
Ⅱ.交際英語
Prohibitions and warnings(禁止與警告)
1.You can't/Mustn't do…
2.If you…,you will…
3.You had better not do…
4.Don't smoke.
5.No noise,please.
6.Look out!/Take care!/Be careful!
7.Make sure you lock the door when you levave!
8.Mind the wet paint!
9.Mind your own business!別管閑事!
10.Watch out where you are walking.
Ⅲ.語法學(xué)習(xí)
復(fù)習(xí)定語從句和同位語從句的用法。
指點(diǎn)迷津
kind of 與sort of
1.kind(sort)of后可接單數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：
This kind of question(questions)is not easy.
2.也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
That kind of food is too expensive.
3.口語中，學(xué)習(xí)慣說These kind (s)of+單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，動詞復(fù)數(shù)。因其結(jié)構(gòu)不太亞謹(jǐn)，在書面語中常改用另一種說法。試比較：
These kind(s)of flower(S)are very beautiful.
Flowers of this kind (sort)are very beautiful.
These kinks of deer are very rare.
Deer of this kind are very rare.這種鹿非常罕見。
4.綜上所述，這類句子有六種說法，歸納如下：
(1)口語說法有：
這種自行車是上海造的。
These kind of bikes are made in Shanghai.
These sorts of bikes are made in Shanghai.
These kinds of bike are made in Shanghai.
(2)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)說法有：
這類事情常常能聽到。
This sort of thing is often heard about.
This sort of things is often heard about.
Things of this sort are often heard about.
5.還應(yīng)注意，在修飾不定代詞時，this kind(sort)常放在不定代詞之后。例如：
I have never heard of anything of this kind.
6.a kind of…與…of a kind
(1)a kind of表示“一種……”的意思。但并非都可譯為“一種”，在對所說事物(人)不能確定其真正含義時，常常譯成“大致可以說成是……”，“類似……的東西”。例如：
He is a kind(sort)of genius(天才).
At the same time another kind of paper was developed.同時另一種紙也被研制出來。
(2)…of a kind (sort)，也有很多不同的含義。表示“同種類的”，“徒有其名的，劣質(zhì)的，勉強(qiáng)算是……的”等意思。例如：
Things of a kind come together.物以類聚。
You bought some tea leaves of a sort yesterday.你昨天買了什么劣質(zhì)茶葉。
The boss gave his workers rice of a kind.那老板給工人們吃極差的米飯。
7.kind(sort)用于復(fù)數(shù)，也可用of kinds(sorts)形式。應(yīng)注意修飾kinds(sorts)的形容詞也應(yīng)放在of之后。例如：
People eat different kinds of food (food of different kinds) which change into energy.
He saw all kinds (every kind)of people (people of all kinds/every kind.)
單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥
1.amazing令人驚異的；了不起的
The new car goes at an amazing speed.
amazing可以作形容詞。amazed作形容詞是“被驚異”。amazement是名詞“驚異，驚愕”。常用詞組有：to one's amazement使某人驚異的是……。如：
I was amazed to find him there as well.
To my amazement I came first.
2.surround圍繞，包圍
Mystery surrounded the actress's death.女演員之死籠罩著神秘的氣氛。
該詞常用于被動詞態(tài)。surrounding是形容詞“周圍的，附近的”。如：
The wall surrounds the church.=The church is surrounded by/with the wall.
We found the village surrounded by a river.
The old man sat there telling stories,surrounded by some children.
The beauty of the surrounding scenery is beyond description.
另外，surrounding還常用復(fù)數(shù)形式表示“環(huán)境，周圍的事物”。如：
She like to bring up her child in healthy surroundings.她希望在健康的環(huán)境中養(yǎng)育孩子。
單元詞組思維運(yùn)用
1.varieties of多種多樣的
in large groups群居
municate with sb與某人交流信息
with bees=make a study of bees=do research on bees研究密蜂
5.to the left 向左。on the left在左邊
6.mark sth blue把某物標(biāo)成藍(lán)色記號
e to light被發(fā)現(xiàn)
8.set out to do sth=set about doing sth著手干……
9.fly through the air 在空中飛行
10.be away on holiday外出研究
11.improve one's understanding of增進(jìn)對……的了解
12.out of the research of夠不著的地方
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
學(xué)法指要
單元難點(diǎn)思路明晰
1.There are also other varieties that do not live in groups at all.還有些蜂根本不群居。
(1)variety n.變化：多樣化；種種；種類。如：a variety of fruits 各種水果，make a choice from three varieties of whisky從3種威士忌酒中作一選擇，a life full of variety 豐富多彩的生活，different varieties of plant不同種類的植物。
(2)in groups一組一組的；一群一群的。in large groups 大批地。
2.…many more came to it one after another in a short time .不一會兒，越來越多的蜜蜂很快就來了。
(1)one after another一個接一個地(著重表達(dá)連續(xù)性，且是三者以上)，不能變形為one…after another。但one after the other一個接一個地(常指兩個間的連續(xù)動作)，有時也變形為one…after the other。而one by one 一個一個地，依次地(不著重連續(xù)性，而著重逐個，各個)如：
They entered the meeting-room one after another.
他們一個個地進(jìn)了會議室。
We destroyed the enemy forces one by one.我們各不殲滅敵軍。
(2)in a short time 很快，不久。in such a short time在如此短時間內(nèi)。
3.Vone Frisch wanted to find out whether the dance told them how far away the feeding place was .馮弗里施想要弄清楚這種舞是否告訴它們喂食的地方離得有多元。
how far away有多遠(yuǎn)距離(帶與靜態(tài)性動詞連用)。而how far 多遠(yuǎn)(多與移動性動詞連用)。如：
How far did you go?你走了多遠(yuǎn)?
How far away do you live?你住得多遠(yuǎn)?
4.Thedancer ran in a straight line,wagging from side to side.跳舞的蜜蜂沿著直線跑，邊跑邊左右搖擺。
(1)in a straight line以直線的方式。in常用于表達(dá)形式、方式、排列等，譯作“按照，以，符合于”。如：stand in a cicle站成圓圈，speak in a whisper低聲講話，run in threes and fours三五成群地跑，in a good order井井有條地，in my opinion/view以我之見。
(2)from side to side從一側(cè)到另一側(cè)；左右地。已學(xué)過的類似無結(jié)構(gòu)還有：from mouth to mouth中中相傳，from sun to sun 從日出到日落，from door to door沿門，挨家挨戶地，from day to day 日復(fù)一日地，from end to end從頭到尾(=from cover to cover),from hand to hand從一人之手到隊人之手，from time時常，不時。
5.Back at the hive they watched the wagging dance closely.他們回到蜂房旁，密切注視著搖擺舞。
closely密切地。close 既可作形容詞表“密切的”又可作副詞表“緊緊地”親近地。像這種有兩種形式的副詞在使用中應(yīng)注意：一般與形容詞同形副詞不能用在動詞之前，而帶…ly 的副詞可以；與形容詞同形的副詞不能置于It be…that強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，而帶-ly的副詞則可以；表示距離遠(yuǎn)近、物體高度、深度及寬度時，與形容詞同形的副詞往往表具體含義；而加-ly的副詞表抽象意義。又如：
We flew high in the sky.我們在高空飛行。
We think highly of their research.我們對他們的研究評價很高。
6.He set out to discover whether the wagging dance showed direction.他開始著
手發(fā)現(xiàn)這種搖擺舞是否表明方向。
set out to do開始干/set about doing開始干/set off for 出發(fā)到某地；使爆炸
7.sit up for sb;sit up with sb;sleep late;stay late;stay up
(1)sit up for sb深夜不睡以等待某人；sit up with sb熬夜照看(或護(hù)理)某人。如：He sat up for his son, who sat up with hissick mother-in-law.
他深夜不睡等待兒子回家，他的兒子通宵未睡照看生病的岳母。
(2)sleep late睡懶覺；stay late(或stay up late)很晚才睡覺。如：
I wonder why Tom never sleeps late and Mike always stays up late.
我納悶的是為何湯姆總是不睡懶覺，約翰又為何總是很晚睡覺。
8.put aside,put away,lay up
以上三個詞組在作“存錢”之意時，可互換。如：
It's wise to have some money put away(或：laid up,put aside)for old age.為養(yǎng)老而儲蓄些錢是明智之舉。
但put saide著重“把……這放到一邊”暫不去動它，或不做某事，而put away著重“把……收藏起來”以便以后使用。如：
Put your books aside.We are going to have a dictation.
把書放在一邊，我們來聽寫。
Put all the instruments away on the shelf so that they won't yet broden.
把這些儀器收起來放到書架上以免打破了。
9.put an end to; put a stop to
(1)put an end to使結(jié)束，使終止，使消滅。如：
That accident put an end to his life .那次事故斷送了他的命。
(2)Put a stop to =bring sth to a stop使……停下來(說明只是停止，而不是終結(jié))。如：
It's saining hard, we have to put a stop to the work.
雨下得很大，我們只好停工。
10.owe sb sth;owe sthe to sb
owe sb sth欠某人債務(wù)；應(yīng)向某人表達(dá)……。如：
I owe her 20 yuan=I owe 20 yuan to her .我欠她20元。
We owe you an apology(=we owe an apology to you)我們應(yīng)向您道歉。
owe sth to sb還可表達(dá)：應(yīng)把……歸功于……。如：
We owe our happy life to our Party.(注意這時不能改換為：we owe our party our happy life.)我們的幸福生活歸功于黨。
11.of one's own;on one's own
of one's own“自己的”，常作定語。on one's own“獨(dú)自地，獨(dú)立地”，常作狀語。如：
We have a house of our own.我們自己有一座房屋。
He directs the film on his own.他獨(dú)自導(dǎo)演那部影片。
妙文賞析
A Bad Neighbor
Mr.and Mrs.Wu were fed up with their neighbor. He was always borrowing things
from them.
“It's not right,”Mr,Wu said to his wife one evening.“At some time or another that man thing.”
“You're quite right,”hiswife replied,“and most of the thing he's never returned.”
“What i want to know,”her husband said,“is why can't he buy the things he needs,like everyone else?”
“Because people like us are foolish enoughto lend him what he needs,”she replied.“As long as we arewilling to lend,he'll keep on borrowing.”
“Then we'll never lend him anything again,”Mr.Wu said.“The next time he asks to borrow something,I'll say no.”
“We must have a good reason for saying no,”his wife said,“and we must always try to be polite to him.We don't want to make an enemy of the man.”
It was not long before their decision not to lend their neighbor anything ever again was put to the test.
The next morning there was a knock on the door.
Mr.Wu went to answer it.
Their neighbor was standing there.Mr.Wu knew he was going to ask to borrow something,and was ready to refuse him politely.
“Good morning,”their neighbor said,“I'm sorry to trouble you,but I wonder if I could borrow your garden scissors.”
“I'm sorry,”Mr.Wu said,“but I'm afraid my wife and I will be using them today.We'll be spending all day working in the garden.”
“Oh,I see,”the neighbor said ,“in that case,may I borrow your golf clubs?You won't be needing them if you're working in the garden all day,will you?”
思維體操
1.If you were to throw a stone into the Red Sea, what would it become?
2.What is a boxer's motto?
3.What's a 747's motto?
4.What's every baby's motto?
答案：1.wet 2.If at first you don't succeed,try,try again. 3.If at first you don't succeed,fly,fly again. 4.If at first you don't succeed,cry,cry again.
三、智能顯示
心中有數(shù)
單元語法發(fā)散思維
測試中的定語從句疑難點(diǎn)
1.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，謂語動詞要和先行詞的性、數(shù)保持一致。如：
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
注意：which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，往往代表前面所說的整個情況。這時which被看作單數(shù)，其后的謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：
He said he a Frenchman,which was not true.
2.whose引導(dǎo)定語從句時，從句前的先行詞可以指人，也可以指物。如：
A young man from our school,whose name I have forgotten,has gone to Scotland.
This is the desk,whose legs we have repaired.(whose legs可改為the legs of which)
3.介詞+關(guān)系代詞
(1)根據(jù)動詞選擇介詞。有些定語從句中的介詞本身是從句的一部分，這樣的介詞可位
于關(guān)系代詞前，也可位于關(guān)系代詞后，如：
I don't know the foreigner with whom my teacher shook hands.
(或I don't know theforeigner(whom)my teacher shook hands with.)
但要注意：who和that不能直接位于介詞后作賓語；有的短語動詞是不能拆開的，因?yàn)檫@些介詞存在于關(guān)系密切的固定短語中，常見的這類短語有：look for,look after等，如：
This is the pencil that Ma Lili is looking for.(對)
This is the pencil for which Ma Lili is looking.(錯)
(2)根據(jù)先行詞選擇介詞。介詞和先行之間構(gòu)成習(xí)慣搭配，此時，介詞一般位于關(guān)系代詞之前，它和從句中的動詞不存在邏輯或意義上的關(guān)系，如：
He stood by the window,through which he could see what was happening outside.(the window 是介詞through的邏輯賓語)
(3)有時，介詞+關(guān)系代詞可轉(zhuǎn)換為關(guān)系副詞，這樣的關(guān)系副詞一般為when,why,where.如：
This is the house in which(=where)Chairman Mao once lived.
Everyome knows the reason for which(=why)the High Dam was built.
I still remember the day on which(=when)we visied the temple.
4.選用定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞時，不能只看先行詞，重要的是看引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么成份。如：
The evening that people spent singing and playing music was exciting.(充當(dāng)賓語)
The Summer Palace,where we spent last Sunday,is a famous place.(作狀語)
The islands of Britain that we visited last year are made up of four parts.(作賓語)
5.避免關(guān)系詞的重復(fù)，被關(guān)系代詞所代替的部分不可在從句中復(fù)現(xiàn)。如：
The factory where he works there is a large one.(應(yīng)去掉there)
This is the factory which we visited it last Sunday.(應(yīng)去掉it)
6.注意關(guān)系代詞的省略。
(1)關(guān)系代詞作主語不能省略。
(2)作動詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞，可以省略；作介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞，如果不直接位于介詞后，可省略，如果直接作介詞的賓語，不能省略。
(3)關(guān)系代詞which在非限制性定語從句中作賓語吼不能省略。
(4)reason,way后的關(guān)系詞可省可不省，如：
This is the reason(for which/why/that)he came last for class.
I don't like the way (in which/that)he talks.
動腦動手
單元能力立體檢測
定語從句多項(xiàng)選擇專練
1.Finally the thief handed he had stolen to the police.
A.every thing B.that C.which D.all
2.This is the highest building .
A.we have ever built in out school B.that has ever been built since1994
C.where all the senior students will live D.built for us to live in
3.The building are bright at night is our school library.
A.which B.whose windows C.where D.the windows of which
4.The girl is our new English teacher.
A.you spoke to B.that you talded
C.of whom hair is beautiful D.you said something to
5.She has two daughters .
A.two of them are bright B.neither of whom works as a teacher
C.who are both workers D.both of whom have gone to college
6.The person is a professor.
A. who is talking to the shop assistant B.that the shop assistant is talking to
C.whom you are talking D.with who they are talking
7.That is the office my mother once worked.
A.which B.in which C.when D.where
8.The skirt is mine, .
A.whose colour is blue B.that I bought last year
C.which cost me twenty yuan D.whose colour I am interested in
9.The washing machine works well.
A.I bought last Thursday B.my mother is eager to buy
C.whose sides are all white D.that is made is Shanghat
10.Shanghai is the very place .
A.which the foreigners are interested in B.the foreigners are eager to visit
C.where live a lot of foreigners D.what the foreigners like to stay at
11.Joan is one of the best writers .
A.who are thought highly of
B.whose books the people in the world enjoy very much
C.who have published a lot of books
D.that has been given medals
12.the two friends met again,and tehy talked about a lot of things an persons
they could remember at college.
A.who B.whom C.which D.that
13.He is everyone likes to work with.
A.one B.theone that C.the person D.whom
14.This is the modern hotel the visitors can enjoy all good things.
A.which B.in which C.that D.where
15.The earth goes round the sun, even a child knows.
A.which B.that C.as D.it
16.The railway bridge will be finished in two days.
A.which is being built now B.where we visited yesterday
C.we visited yesterday D.where there are a lot of busy workers
17.Is that laboratory ?
A.the one that we visited yesterday B.where we visited yesterday
C.the one we visited yesterday D.that we visited yesterday
18.Is that the laboratory yesterday?
A.we visited B.where we visited yesterday
C.the one we wisited D.which we visited
答案：1.AD 2.ACD 3.BD 4.AD 5.BCD 6.AB 7.BD 8.ACD 9.ABCD 10.BCD 11.ABC 12.D 13.BC 14.BD 15.AC 16.AC 17.AC 18.ABD
創(chuàng)新園地
下面是一些同學(xué)們在英語書面表達(dá)中經(jīng)常譯錯的句子，出錯的原因是易受漢語思維的影響。請你試一試
1.我昨天收到了你的來信。
2.感謝您的邀請。
3.在我住在你們家中期間，你們給了我許多幫助。
4.如果你有空的話，請到我們的城市來參觀。
5.祝您成功。
6.祝您旅游愉快。
7.今晚將要舉行英語晚會。
答案：
1.I heard from you yesterday,/I received/got you letter yesterday.或者：Your letter reached me yesterday.
2.Thank you for your invitation.
3.While/When I stayed in your home,you gave me a lot of help.
4.Please come to our city for a visit if you have time./Please come to our city to visit if it is convenient to you.
5.I wish you to succeed./I wish you successful./I wish you success.
6.May you have a good trip./A good journey to you.
7.There will be an English evening party this evening.An English evening party will be held this evening.
四、同步題庫
(一)從下列A、B、C、D中選出一個最佳答案
1.My father persuaded me not to time TV all day and all night.
A.waste;to see B.spend;to watching C.waste;watching st;to see
2.Did you watch the TV broadcast of the football match last night?
B.alive C.living ly
3.She must have known the result of her maths exam, she?
A.mustn't B.haven't C.hasn't D.isn't
4.The manager is over there.Why not make yourself him?
A.know about B.known to C.known by D.known as
5.I'm glad to see you here.But in fact,I know you .
A.don't;are coming B.don't;have come
C.didn't;came D.didn't;were coming
6.These wet clothes should to dry.
A.hung up B.be hung up C.hang up D.be hanged up
7. ,we plant young trees.And the young trees grow taller .
A.Year after year;year after year B.Year by year;year by year
C.Year by year;year after year D.Year after year;year by year
8.She is a good student.She is always the first to school and the last
school.
es;leaves B.to come;to leave
ing;leaving e;leave
9.The museum they visited last week the 15th century.
A.dates from B.dates back from C.dates since D.dating back to
10.Thinking you know in fact you don't is a terrible mistake.
A.that;what B.that;that C.what;that D.what;what
11.I feel like in the fresh air after supper,but I'd like at home today.
A.towalk;to stay B.walking;staying
C.to walk;staying D.walking;to stay
12.-Where are you from?
- .
A.I'm British B.I speak English
C.I was born in Ireland D.i used to live in Wales
13.The that the church is great.
A.part;makes B.parts;plays C.part;plays D.role;play
14.The girl took of the two oranges and gave one to her brother.
A.smaller;bigger B.the small;the big
C.the smallest;the biggest D.the smaller;the bigger
15.To be honest,that problem made me .
A.puzzled;puzzled B.puzzling;puzzling
C.puzzled;puzzling D.puzzling;puzzled
16.Everything must be ready.Chairman Zhang in the minutes.
A.will arrive B.is about to arrive
C.is possible to arrive D.is probable to arrive
17.My cousin went abroad ,that is .
A.in his thirties;in the 1990s B.in his thirty;in the
C.at the age of 30;in 1999s D.at thirty;in 1990's
18.You won't get well unless you the doctor's advice.
A.hear B.listen C.follow D.receive
19.Our headmaster would like with the boy Henry.
A.to have words;whose name is B.having a talk;with the name of
C.have to word;his name is D.to have a word;named
20.-How are you getting along with you work?
-I haven't made I should.
A.so more progress as B.as much progress as
C.as many progress as D.much progress like
(二)完形填空
We are often warned by our teachers not to waste time because time(1)will never return.I think it quite(2).What does time look(3)?Nobody knows,and we can't see it or touch it and no(4)of money can buy it.Time is abstract,so we have to (5)about it.
Time passed very quickly.(6)students say they don't have(7)time to review their lessons.It is(8)they don't know how to make(9)of their time.They waste it in going to theatres or parks,and (10)other useless things.Why do we study every day?Why do we work?Why do most people(11)take buses instead of walking?The answer is very(12).We wish to save time because time is (13).
Today we are (14)in the 20th century.We(15)time as life.When a person dies,his life ends.Since life is short,we must (16)our time and energy to our studies so that we (17)be able to serve the people well in the future.Laziness is the(18)of time,for it not only brings us(19),but also does other(20)to us.If itis(21)for us todo our work today,(22)us do it today and not(23)it until tomorrow.(24)that time is much more(25).
1.A.lost B.passed C.missed D.used
2.A.important B.true mon D.terrible
3.A.for B.like C.after D.over
4.A.amount B.quality C.quantity D.price
5.A.think B.imagine C.examine D.check
6.A.Such B.Some C.Sometime D.Most
7.A.spare B.free C.enough D.much
8.A.reasonable B.why C.because D.certain
9.A.good B.use C.something D.up
10.A.doing B.making C.taking D.getting
11.A.ought to B.have to C.would rather D.had better
12.A.easy B.simple C.obvious D.clear
13.A.worthless B.priceless C.limiting D.little
14.ing B.living C.struggling D.advancing
15.A.look upon B.use C.think D.believe
16.A.devote B.spend C.give D.set
17.A.must B.should C.may D.can
18.A.helper B.thief C.butcher panion
19.A.wealth B.health C.failure D.illness
20.A.danger B.harm C.trouble D.difficulty
21.A.successful nvenient C.necessary D.important
22.A.help B.let C.make D.have
23.A.keep B.remain C.repeat D.leave
24.A.Remember B.Think C.Realize D.Save
25.A.valuable B.expensive C.worth D.fragile
(三)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(xiàng)中，選出一個最佳答案。
(A)
There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters(匪徒)in return for “protection”.If the money was not paid immediately,the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop.Getting“protection money”is not a modern means.As longago as the fourteenth centruy,an Englishman,Sir John Hawkwood,made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
Then Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a group of soldiers and settled near Florence.He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other,Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to those who were willing to pay the high price he demanded.In times of peace,when business was bad,Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and,after burning down a few farms,would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them,Hawkwood made large sums of money with this method.In spite of this,the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.When he died at eighty,the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had his picture painted,which was in memory of“this bravest man”.
1.What protection did Chicago gangsters give to those who paid them?
A.They saved those people's businesses from destruction.
B.They left those people's business unharmed much.
C.They sent soldiers to serve them no matter what help they needed willingly.
D.They didn't take those people's lives
2.Sir John Hawkwook's Italian name‘Giovanni Acuto'was one which .
A.he gave himself in order to become better known to the Italians
B.he earned through his sharp practice of selling his‘protection'
C.he needed so as to hire his soldiers to Italians
D.was given him in telling his services to the others'
3.The Italians regarded Hawkwood as a sort of hero .
A.because they couldn't help admiring his bravery and boldness
B.as he aided the citizens in peacetime when business was bad for them
C.he had played an important role in their daily life
D.for he lived so long and was given a state funeral by the Florentines
4.From the passage,we can guess the gangsters were those .
A.who were of great importance to the poor
B.who made the businessmen do whatever they were in need of
C.who were always ready to be sent abroad
D.who did harm to others
5.According to the writer,Hawkwood was .
A.a sort of national hero B.an experienced leader
C.a brave soldier C.a noble gangster
(B)
The sun had gone behind a cloud.I was very tired and wanted nothing in the world so much as to be at home.At last I got to the gate of Hide Park.But this was worse than ever;there were buses there-high and terribly red cars,taxis and still more buses in an endless line.Everywhere there were people hurrying past or waiting to get into the buses,while I stood lost in the middle of them.
I was ready to cry.In despair,I crossed the street on to an“island”, where I found a policeman. I took my last bit of courage in both hands and said, “Please,sir,where is Addison Road?”He began to explain,but when he saw that I couldn't understand he became helpless,too.“Are you French at school?”A few minutes later,he smiled and raised his hand.How wonderful!The traffic stopped.Even the red buses stood still and waited until I had crossed the road.
6.That is the most probable reason why she was tired out.
A.it had been very hot by then
B.the writer had been standing lost for a long time
C.the writer had been completely lost
D.the writer had been wandering in the park for a long time
7.Because the writer was made so worn out, .
A.she wanted nothing on earth but her home
B.she thought it perfect to stay at home
C.she would never leave her home at all
D.she didn't get to the park on time.
8.In this passage“island”means .
A.a piece of land surrounded by water
B.a raised place in a busy street where people may be safe from traffic
C.a safe place that can omly be used by policemen
D.a safe place that nobody can use without permission
9.Why did the traffic stop? Because .
A.all the drivers could understand French
B.perhaps a certain driver had broken the traffic rules
C.all the drivers knew the policeman very well
D.the policeman was directing the traffic
10.In which country do you think the story happened?
A.Switzerland. B.france.
C.England. D.A certain non-English speaking country.
(四)短改錯
is my physics teacher.He has 1.75metres 1.
in the height.He was born on November4,1952.So 2.
he is a middle-aged man. graduated Qinghua 3.
University in 1978.After graduation,he becomes a middle 4.
school teacher.He has been taught physics for 20years. 5.
He is a success as a teacher.He has been given a 6.
lot of honors.He is not only a good teacher in the 7.
physics but also opeak English and Russian very well. 8.
In his spare time,he likes reading books,collect 9.
stamps and listening music.Also, is kind-hearted. 10.
答案：(一)1.C 2.A live“實(shí)況的” 3.C。對過去肯定推測的反意疑問句用have與主語相一致。 4.B 5.D對說話前動作的陳述。 6.B 7.D 8.D序數(shù)詞后常用不定式作定語。 9.A date from=date back to 10.A 11.D 12.A 13.C 該句是為強(qiáng)調(diào)part而使其提置句首，后跟that定語從句。play a part/role in 在……起作用；扮演……角色。14.D “the+比較級+of the two+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”表“兩者中最……”。15.D puzzling“令人迷惑的”，puzzled“被迷惑的”。16.A“be about to ”不與表將來的時間狀語連用。17.A 18.C follow/talk with advice聽取……的意見，ask for one's advice征求……的意見。19.D have a word/talk with 和……聊一聊，have words with sb=quarrel with sb和……爭吵 20.B
(二)1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.B 21.C 22.B 23.D 24.A 25.A
(三)1-5DBADD6-10DBBDC
(四)1.has改為is 2.去掉the 3.graduated后加from 4.becomes改為became 5.taught改為teaching 6.對 7.去掉the 8.speak改為speaks llect改為collecting 10.listening后加to
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